İngilizce Makaleler ve Özetleri(Hazırlık Sınıfları İçin İngilizce)

Orcнυη · 11-01-07, 00:45

FRIENSHIP DAY

Friendship Day is totally dedicated to friends. We spend the whole day together, savoring our memories, having fun, sharing cards, giving and receiving love, and everything that’s good in a relationship. I tell you, it is the most beautiful day of the year, for on that day you get an opportunity to cherish a relationship, which we so rarely do when we thoughtlessly follow our daily routine.
The cards we share on Friendship Day are painstakingly prepared paper cards which are full of words straight from out hearts. These cards are inevitably kept by the recipient as personal treasure. They are the source of inspiration and strength for whenever we are apart. For example, whenever I feel alone, I only have to open one of these cards and my spirit immediately begins to soar with the eagles. For very special friends, just one card is not enough, so then we give two or three or more…
We take for granted our best friends because they are always with us. They become part of our everyday routine. But Friendship Day reminds us how very special our friends are to us. It makes us wonder what it would be like if these friends were not there for us. We catch ourselves wondering how much we would miss them. This simple thought causes the fountain of love to flow and we reach for the heavens.
Can you imagine yourself and your friends standing together, hand in hand, enjoying a bond that can never be broken?
When I think about it, it feels as though my friends and I form a very special tree. But there is one way in which this friendship is very different from a natural tree. In a natural tree, according to the seasons, leaves whither and die, then fall off, never to be part of the tree again. However, in a friendship tree, the leaves never leave the branch. On the contrary, the bond between the leaves and the tree becomes stronger and stronger as time passes, until it is impossible to sever them.
This is the true magic of friendship!
- Rohan Kaikini
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Friendship Day

Firstly,I think everyone should read this text.Because it gives a lot of messages to us.In my first reading I’m very surprised and I think the example about the friendship is very impressive .It affected me too.These are enough for me.For that reason I chose this text.

It is about the Friendship Day which is celebrated in India on the first Sunday in August each year.Firstly,there is the definition of the friendship ond it tells about what do they do on Friendship Day.For example; friends give some sharing cards to each other.These cards are vey important for them.Whenever they feel alone,they only have to open one of these cards and they forget their problem or trouble.In addition the text reminds us our friends’ worth.

I think the most important message which I learned the text,friendship looks like tree.In a natural tree,according to the seasons,leaves whither and die and then fall off,leaves never to be part of the tree again.But friendship tree is very different from a natural tree.In a friendship tree the connection between the leaves and tree becomes stronger and stronger as time passes.Like the branch.It is impossible sever them.

I think the title of the text is suitable for the text.It’s very extensive and it gives us some opinion about what the text is discussing.

THE INDIANAPOLİS 500 HİSTORY

The Indianapolis 500 may be known as the fastest, richest race in the world. Excessive speeds and a multi-million dollar purse make this event the creme de la creme of auto racing. Its beginning was far more modest.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway itself began as a dream in a man's mind. The man was Carl Fisher of Indianapolis, Indiana. Spurred on by a trip to Europe three years earlier, and problems with his own motorized vehicle, he desired to build a race track. This track would be used by car manufacturers to test their cars and equipment. They would test them against other manufacturers and their cars. Being a shrewd businessman, he also reasoned that people would pay good money to see races such as that.
He and his friends began to look for about three hundred acres of land available to buy. He found the land, and with other men joining him in the venture, purchased it for $72,000. On February 8, 1909, the articles of incorporation were filed with the name Inianapolis Motor Speedway Company.
This group of men would create what was destined to become a race course known worldwide.
In the early 1900's, with the beginning of the automobile age, interest began to increase in car racing. Carl Fisher wanted to begin construction on a great motor speedway. He found a few individuals ready to listen. One group of men in particular was looking for an attraction to draw attention to their new spa and hotel at French Lick, Indiana.
Mr. Fisher wrote a letter to a popular automobile magazine promoting the virtues of a three to five mile race track, as opposed to the more common mile track.
In other parts of the country, interest in racing was on the rise. Races were being held in various places. Groups began to discuss the possibility of building motor speedways in their areas.
The opening day for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway was set for June 5, 1909. It was to begin with a hot air ballon race. On Friday, August 14, the first motorcycle races were held. There were hold ups, however, in getting the race track finished, which was discouraging to all concerned.
The first actual race took place on August 19, 1909; the track was still not properly prepared. The grandstands were packed to their 15,000 capacity and beyond. Unfortunately, the events that occurred during the first races were tragic. Three competitors and two spectators lost their lives and others were injured. It was not a good beginning for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Before official action could be taken by the AAA, Mr. Fisher made an announcement. He stated that the Speedway would be made safe for spectators as well as drivers. The track was to be paved and guardrails installed before any more races were scheduled.
The formal re-opening of the track was sceduled for the weekend of December 17-18, 1909. The temperature was 9 degrees. Little more than five hundred spectators were present. However, despite the negativism of some, auto racing was here to stay.
The Speedway began to be used for many money making events; car races, hot air balloon races, stock car races, motorcycle races, and more. Soon plans were made for something new, bigger, and better. It was guaranteed land even more of a money maker and was scheduled for completion by 1911. The first Indianapolis "500" was to take place on May 30, 1911. The winner of that race was Ray Haroun, in his Marmon Wasp. The purse was $27,550.
The Indianapolis 500 of 1913 was the first real race with international interest, however. Cars came from England, France, Italy, and Germany, as well as the United States were to participate. The outcome was the first European winner. Jules Goux and his 1913 Peugeot won the 1913 Indianapolis 500.
Ever the far reaching businessman, Carl Fisher had proposed a plan to some other men for a super highway from the east coast to the west coast in preparation for the era of transportaion that was approaching. It took fifteen years, with the help of federal funds, to complete it. It was named the Lincoln Highway. Fisher knew this would make it easier for fans and drivers to get to the Indianapolis 500 each year.
Meanwhile, each year, the Indy 500 was growing larger. More grandstands were built to hold the people, tunnels were constructed under the track, and more Europeans were entering the race with their cars and racing teams. It was becoming known worldwide in only a few short years.
During WWI the Speedway suspended all racing activities and was used as an aviation repair depot and landing field for planes flying a midwest route.
Fisher, meanwhile, was devoting his time and finances to developing swampland he had purchased some years earlier in Florida. It came to be known as Miami Beach.
May,1919, saw the first Indianapolis 500 since the end of WWI. The purse was set at $50,000. They changed the date that year from May 30 to May 31. For the first time since 1911, tragic accidents claimed three lives.
In 1920, for the first time since 1912, an American entry won the 500. Gaston Chevrolet, driving a Monroe, was the winner.
In 1923 Carl Fisher declared that he wanted to sell his interest in the Speedway. He relinquished the responsibilities of Speedway management to his business colleagues. In 1927, after searching for a buyer for years, he sold the Speedway to Eddie Rickenbacker. Carl Fisher died in Miama, Florida, in 1939.
As the years passed, things changed at the Speedway. Engine sizes, speeds allowed, fuel amounts, safety features, crowd sizes, and other considerations were altered. During WWII it was not needed for any war efforts and was left empty. It changed hands, once again, after the war.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway re-opened in 1946 after being repaired and renovated. The winner of that race was George Robson.
Years have come and gone. Wars have come and gone. The Indianapolis 500 has gotten bigger than ever. The city of Indianapolis prepares for the event all year long but the festivities actually begin early in the month of May. The first stop for many is the Hall of Fame. This museum features over two hundred vintage autos and more than twenty five cars that have won the Indy 500.
The Speedway officially opens on the first Saturday in May. There are breakfasts, special events, parties, practices, and qualifications trials in the weeks before the race. When the big day finally comes there are over 400,000 fans watching with anticipation.
Indiana is famous for this race that outshines all auto races. The Indy 500 is the oldest auto race in the world. Car and car parts manufacturers still advertize that they are the best. People come from all over the world to see the race. The winners purse in 1911 was $27,550. In 1999 it was $9,047,150. The dream that Carl Fisher had is still going strong.

Written by Deborah Wyman

QUESTIONS

1-Why did you choose this text?Justify your answers or
list the reasons why you choose.
2-What does the text mainly discuss?
3-What is the most interesting information or message
you learned about the text?
4-Comment on the title,do you think it is a appropriate for the text?why/why not? if "not" what title would you suggest?

ANSWERS

1-I choosed this text because, i like cars very much.And my favaurite sport is motorsports.
2-The text is about,fastest and richest race in the world,
"The Indianapolis 500".
The founder of this race was Carl Fisher of Indianapolis.
His dream was to build a race track and this track would be used by car manufacturers to test their cars.In addition he filed a company on February 8,1909.And the first race began on june 5,1909.But the first race was tragic.5 people lost their lives.
After that track reopenned with safety rules despite the some problems.What is more,auto racing was going bigger and stronger.
The speedway began to be used for many maney making events.Cars came from many European countries.
During WW1 and WW2,track was used as a repair depot and landing field.However,races started after the wars.
Carl Fisher wanted to sell the speedway and in 1927 he sold the speedway.And he died in Florida in1939
As the years passed,everything changed at the speedway.Engine sizes,speeds allowe,safety features and crowd sizes.The winner purse was $27.550 in 1911 and in 1999 it was $9.047.150.Carl Fishers dream is living now.
3-I think the most interesting message is if a person wants to make real his/her aims,he/she does that in despite of difficulties.
4-I think the title is not appropriate.Because,it is very simple.Maybe it would be like:"The Indianapolis 500 Legend".

FORD UNVEİLS 2004 FOCUS RS RALLY CAR

Aerodynamics, body shell and engine [02/04/04 - 17:49]
welve months ago Ford BP Rallye Sport launched the most technically advanced and revolutionary rally car the FIA World Rally Championship has seen. Exactly one year after the Ford Focus RS World Rally Car 03 took to the flowing speed tests of the Rally New Zealand, the 2004 version will follow the same path and make its debut there later this month. Here Ford BP technical director Christian Loriaux, the man behind both cars, outlines what has changed on the Focus RS WRC 04 which successfully completed the FIA homologation process this week.

To describe the Focus RS WRC 04 as a new car would be wrong.It is more an evolution of the 03 model. When we first sat down to design the 'new shape' Focus in the middle of May 2002, we began with a clean sheet of paper and we ended with a radical, revolutionary rally car which retained all that was good from the previous model. That car won two rallies last season, claimed a 1-2 finish on its last event as a works car in Mexico last month and achieved our aim of being capable of victory on all surfaces. You don't throw that kind of success into the rubbish bin so the 04 car is essentially the same car with key improvements in several areas.
There are three areas on which we concentrated for homologation - the aerodynamics, the body shell and the engine. The work on the first two was carried out by our engineering department at M-Sport with our engine partner, Cosworth Racing, handling the engine improvements.

New Styling and Cooling Improvements

To the untrained eye the Focus RS WRC 04 looks the same as the 03 version. But a closer look will show that we have redesigned the front bumper and restyled the rear bumper. The front bumper has two new ventilation areas on each side which will improve the cooling system to the engine. We won't see the full benefits of that just yet but once the ducting is in place then we will have a much improved cooling system. A re-styling of the rear bumper is part of the package and the combination of the two is the only visible difference to the car. I think the new styling makes the Focus RS look even more aggressive and adds further to the contemporary look of the car. However, it is still clearly recognisable as a Focus.

Body Shell

Just as important is the work carried out on the body shell. We presented a dossier to the FIA under the 2004 regulations which introduced a lighter body shell for the Focus RS. The new rules mean the minimum weight of the shell is now just 320kgs. We have lightened ours by 10kgs to 330kgs, so we are still 10kgs above the limit. Further weight savings could have been made by taking advantage of the new regulations which permit the use of an aluminium boot and bonnet but the time available to us did not allow for that. Of course, the weight of the car as a whole cannot be less than 1230kgs so the saving on the shell has allowed us to add more ballast. One of the key features of the 03 car was to save weight and, more importantly, distribute it via ballast to those areas of the car where it would improve balance and handling. Our weight saving with the new shell has allowed us to further that process and lower the centre of gravity even more.

Engine

The improvements Cosworth Racing has made to the engine are small compared to the huge leap forward we made last year. But nevertheless, they are still an improvement. We've made a weight saving on the turbocharger and also improved the response from the turbo system. There are also modifications to the con rod and piston assembly aimed at reliability rather than outright performance.

As I said earlier, the changes are more of an evolution than anything else. The car has evolved from rally to rally under the skin and we'll continue to make improvements throughout the season, nibbling away at weight and reliability. In Cyprus, for example, we'll introduce new dampers and new electronic settings and these type of changes are crucial to any manufacturer that wants to remain competitive at the front. Development is a continuing process, not something that happens once a year during homologation.

Since we unveiled the new car a year ago, the basics of the car, like the suspension geometry and the transmission have barely changed. But we've improved the set-up of the dampers, introduced a completely different hydraulic system, revised the airbox after our difficulties in Cyprus and brought in a new transfer box in the transmission. This is the type of development we'll continue to work on, introducing new aspects as and when they are ready and when we feel they will bring improvements.

We're not expecting a quantum leap forwards from the homologation changes. What we do expect is to maintain the progress we've made since the car made its debut in New Zealand last year. And if we can achieve that, then the Focus will remain the best car in the championship.

Tim Proctor, principal engineer of Cosworth Racing's World Rally Championship department, takes a closer look at the changes to the already successful Cosworth Duratec R engine.

The days of making huge gains in engine performance are behind us now. Since every manufacturer is forced to run with the FIA restrictor, a WRC engine tends to be at its peak performance almost all the time. We aim to run the maximum amount of air through the restrictor almost all the time and so it is difficult to gain an advantage simply by trying to improve the breathing of the engine.

However, that's not to say that gains in the engine's performance are impossible, just challenging. Performance improvements are achieved not by trying to improve the engine's breathing but by making it work more efficiently, both in its own right and as part of the overall car as a package. Integration is one of the areas we are concentrating on continually. Whereas in the past the engine would have its control system, the transmission would have its own system, the chassis its own system and so on, now we are working closely with the M-Sport engineers to ensure the engine operates as one component within the car as a whole. Therefore, there ultimately will be a single system that controls the complete car, and the engine forms part of that.

We are also making several changes to the components of the 2004 specification engine, again with the aim of reducing weight, improving response and driveability and, as a result, performance. We are implementing a new turbocharger and exhaust manifold as well as other components of the anti-lag system. There is also a new connecting rod that is combined with a revised piston design. Each of these changes is relatively small but, together, mean the 2004 WRC engine takes another step forwards in helping to improve the performance of the car.

Press Release
Ford Rallye Sport

FORD UNVEILS 2004 FOCUS RS RALLY CAR

I choosed this text because i really interest in cars.I like cars,driving car,motorsports and rally.My favourite team is Ford Rally team in WRC(World Rally Championship).They produced a new good car so i want to introduce it.

This article is about new WRC car of Ford.The new 2004 Focus RS rally car was introduced before Rally New Zealand.It is the new version of the 2003 Focus Rally Car.Engineers concentrated to change the aerodynamics,the engine and the body shell.2004 Focus looks more aggressive and modern.Now its body shell is more light and engine is stronger than the 2003 Focus.Performance of the car improved.So it is predicted that the new car has a big chance at the next rally New Zealand.

From now on,Ford Rally Team is stronger and favourite of the WRC,i learned this message from the text.

I think title is perfect for this article.It is exciting and it makes me anxious.

SPEED RECORD

LOS ANGELES, California -- NASA has made aeronautics history by launching an experimental jet that reached a record velocity of just over seven times the speed of sound.
Fifty-seven years after test pilot Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier, NASA on Saturday launched the unpiloted research jet, in a development some observers say could change the future of space travel.
It is the first time a supersonic-combustion ramjet, or scramjet, which burns hydroxen mixed with oxygen from the atmosphere, had traveled so fast, flight engineer Lawrence Huebner told reporters.
Scientists hope such jets will make space travel more affordable and spur commercial ventures.
Some observers compared Saturday's accomplishment to the Wright brothers' first powered flight.
The 12-foot-long (3.65-meter), X-43A experimental craft rode atop a Pegasus booster rocket that was launched from a converted B-52 bomber about 400 miles (643 kilometers) off the coast of southern California.
As planned, the X-43A plunged into the Pacific Ocean after the test and was not recovered.
Pegasus, which flew to nearly 100,000 feet, reached a speed of Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound, preliminary data on the test flight showed.
The needle-nosed scramjet then reached a maximum speed of slightly over seven times the speed of sound, or about 5,000 mph (8,000 kilometers).
"It's a great way to end, certainly all the sweeter because of all the challenges we've had to step up to and overcome through the life of this project," said Griffin Corpening, chief engineer on the project at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center.
The first X-43A flight ended in failure June 2, 2001, after the modified Pegasus rocket used to accelerate the plane veered off course and was detonated.
An investigation board found preflight analyses failed to predict how the rocket would perform, leaving its control system unable to maintain stable flight.
NASA built the X-43A under a $250 million program to develop and test these exotic type of engines.
Saturday's flight tested aspects of a design to allow planes to overcome the pull of Earth's gravity by reaching escape velocity.
The "air-breathing" jet was not bogged down with heavy fuel tanks, Huebner said.
The space agency's dogged pursuit of extreme speed, officials hope, will ultimately make space flight easier to accomplish.
It also could drastically cut the time of commercial flights -- perhaps shortening the trip between New York and London to less than five hours.
After Pegasus released the X-43A, it flew under its own power for six minutes to do maneuvers over the ocean.
The B-52 left California at 3:40 p.m. ET, taking at least an hour to reach the launch site over the ocean. The entire test lasted only about 10 minutes.
NASA said it could test a vehicle at Mach 10 by the end of the year.

Copyright 2004 CNN. All rights reserved.

SPEED RECORD

I choosed this text because i interest in planes.I tried to be pilot but i could not pass the exam.When i read this text i became very happy because this is a big invention.So i decided to do this.

This is an article about an experimental jet which is produced by NASA.Its function is flying with over seven times the speed of sound.Its name is X-43A.It uses hydroxen and it launched from a B-52 bomber near Southern California.X-43A flew approxmietly 10 minutes with over seven mach speed and did maneuvers over ocean.Then it plunged into Pacific Ocean after the test.It has no pilot and heavy fuel tanks so it can fly 8000 kmh.This test is an important milestone of aeronautics.It shorts the filght hours.Maybe Newyork-London trip will be less than five hours.

The most interesting info is that i learned is breaking the record of speed.The 8000kmh is very big speed.

I think the title is appropriate for the article because it summarize the everything.The article is about a speed record so it is a good title.

Arda Yapıcı ya Teşekkürler..

11-01-07, 00:45	#1 (permalink)
Orcнυη - Dünyanın En Büyük Türkçe Forumu Giriş Tarihi: 22-10-2005 Yer: im artık yok benim... Yaş: 24 Mesajlar: 3,907 Blog Mesajları: 1 Rep Puanı: 28011872 Rep Gücü: 280193	İngilizce Makaleler ve Özetleri(Hazırlık Sınıfları İçin İngilizce) FRIENSHIP DAY Friendship Day is totally dedicated to friends. We spend the whole day together, savoring our memories, having fun, sharing cards, giving and receiving love, and everything that’s good in a relationship. I tell you, it is the most beautiful day of the year, for on that day you get an opportunity to cherish a relationship, which we so rarely do when we thoughtlessly follow our daily routine. The cards we share on Friendship Day are painstakingly prepared paper cards which are full of words straight from out hearts. These cards are inevitably kept by the recipient as personal treasure. They are the source of inspiration and strength for whenever we are apart. For example, whenever I feel alone, I only have to open one of these cards and my spirit immediately begins to soar with the eagles. For very special friends, just one card is not enough, so then we give two or three or more… We take for granted our best friends because they are always with us. They become part of our everyday routine. But Friendship Day reminds us how very special our friends are to us. It makes us wonder what it would be like if these friends were not there for us. We catch ourselves wondering how much we would miss them. This simple thought causes the fountain of love to flow and we reach for the heavens. Can you imagine yourself and your friends standing together, hand in hand, enjoying a bond that can never be broken? When I think about it, it feels as though my friends and I form a very special tree. But there is one way in which this friendship is very different from a natural tree. In a natural tree, according to the seasons, leaves whither and die, then fall off, never to be part of the tree again. However, in a friendship tree, the leaves never leave the branch. On the contrary, the bond between the leaves and the tree becomes stronger and stronger as time passes, until it is impossible to sever them. This is the true magic of friendship! - Rohan Kaikini Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Friendship Day Firstly,I think everyone should read this text.Because it gives a lot of messages to us.In my first reading I’m very surprised and I think the example about the friendship is very impressive .It affected me too.These are enough for me.For that reason I chose this text. It is about the Friendship Day which is celebrated in India on the first Sunday in August each year.Firstly,there is the definition of the friendship ond it tells about what do they do on Friendship Day.For example; friends give some sharing cards to each other.These cards are vey important for them.Whenever they feel alone,they only have to open one of these cards and they forget their problem or trouble.In addition the text reminds us our friends’ worth. I think the most important message which I learned the text,friendship looks like tree.In a natural tree,according to the seasons,leaves whither and die and then fall off,leaves never to be part of the tree again.But friendship tree is very different from a natural tree.In a friendship tree the connection between the leaves and tree becomes stronger and stronger as time passes.Like the branch.It is impossible sever them. I think the title of the text is suitable for the text.It’s very extensive and it gives us some opinion about what the text is discussing. THE INDIANAPOLİS 500 HİSTORY The Indianapolis 500 may be known as the fastest, richest race in the world. Excessive speeds and a multi-million dollar purse make this event the creme de la creme of auto racing. Its beginning was far more modest. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway itself began as a dream in a man's mind. The man was Carl Fisher of Indianapolis, Indiana. Spurred on by a trip to Europe three years earlier, and problems with his own motorized vehicle, he desired to build a race track. This track would be used by car manufacturers to test their cars and equipment. They would test them against other manufacturers and their cars. Being a shrewd businessman, he also reasoned that people would pay good money to see races such as that. He and his friends began to look for about three hundred acres of land available to buy. He found the land, and with other men joining him in the venture, purchased it for $72,000. On February 8, 1909, the articles of incorporation were filed with the name Inianapolis Motor Speedway Company. This group of men would create what was destined to become a race course known worldwide. In the early 1900's, with the beginning of the automobile age, interest began to increase in car racing. Carl Fisher wanted to begin construction on a great motor speedway. He found a few individuals ready to listen. One group of men in particular was looking for an attraction to draw attention to their new spa and hotel at French Lick, Indiana. Mr. Fisher wrote a letter to a popular automobile magazine promoting the virtues of a three to five mile race track, as opposed to the more common mile track. In other parts of the country, interest in racing was on the rise. Races were being held in various places. Groups began to discuss the possibility of building motor speedways in their areas. The opening day for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway was set for June 5, 1909. It was to begin with a hot air ballon race. On Friday, August 14, the first motorcycle races were held. There were hold ups, however, in getting the race track finished, which was discouraging to all concerned. The first actual race took place on August 19, 1909; the track was still not properly prepared. The grandstands were packed to their 15,000 capacity and beyond. Unfortunately, the events that occurred during the first races were tragic. Three competitors and two spectators lost their lives and others were injured. It was not a good beginning for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Before official action could be taken by the AAA, Mr. Fisher made an announcement. He stated that the Speedway would be made safe for spectators as well as drivers. The track was to be paved and guardrails installed before any more races were scheduled. The formal re-opening of the track was sceduled for the weekend of December 17-18, 1909. The temperature was 9 degrees. Little more than five hundred spectators were present. However, despite the negativism of some, auto racing was here to stay. The Speedway began to be used for many money making events; car races, hot air balloon races, stock car races, motorcycle races, and more. Soon plans were made for something new, bigger, and better. It was guaranteed land even more of a money maker and was scheduled for completion by 1911. The first Indianapolis "500" was to take place on May 30, 1911. The winner of that race was Ray Haroun, in his Marmon Wasp. The purse was $27,550. The Indianapolis 500 of 1913 was the first real race with international interest, however. Cars came from England, France, Italy, and Germany, as well as the United States were to participate. The outcome was the first European winner. Jules Goux and his 1913 Peugeot won the 1913 Indianapolis 500. Ever the far reaching businessman, Carl Fisher had proposed a plan to some other men for a super highway from the east coast to the west coast in preparation for the era of transportaion that was approaching. It took fifteen years, with the help of federal funds, to complete it. It was named the Lincoln Highway. Fisher knew this would make it easier for fans and drivers to get to the Indianapolis 500 each year. Meanwhile, each year, the Indy 500 was growing larger. More grandstands were built to hold the people, tunnels were constructed under the track, and more Europeans were entering the race with their cars and racing teams. It was becoming known worldwide in only a few short years. During WWI the Speedway suspended all racing activities and was used as an aviation repair depot and landing field for planes flying a midwest route. Fisher, meanwhile, was devoting his time and finances to developing swampland he had purchased some years earlier in Florida. It came to be known as Miami Beach. May,1919, saw the first Indianapolis 500 since the end of WWI. The purse was set at $50,000. They changed the date that year from May 30 to May 31. For the first time since 1911, tragic accidents claimed three lives. In 1920, for the first time since 1912, an American entry won the 500. Gaston Chevrolet, driving a Monroe, was the winner. In 1923 Carl Fisher declared that he wanted to sell his interest in the Speedway. He relinquished the responsibilities of Speedway management to his business colleagues. In 1927, after searching for a buyer for years, he sold the Speedway to Eddie Rickenbacker. Carl Fisher died in Miama, Florida, in 1939. As the years passed, things changed at the Speedway. Engine sizes, speeds allowed, fuel amounts, safety features, crowd sizes, and other considerations were altered. During WWII it was not needed for any war efforts and was left empty. It changed hands, once again, after the war. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway re-opened in 1946 after being repaired and renovated. The winner of that race was George Robson. Years have come and gone. Wars have come and gone. The Indianapolis 500 has gotten bigger than ever. The city of Indianapolis prepares for the event all year long but the festivities actually begin early in the month of May. The first stop for many is the Hall of Fame. This museum features over two hundred vintage autos and more than twenty five cars that have won the Indy 500. The Speedway officially opens on the first Saturday in May. There are breakfasts, special events, parties, practices, and qualifications trials in the weeks before the race. When the big day finally comes there are over 400,000 fans watching with anticipation. Indiana is famous for this race that outshines all auto races. The Indy 500 is the oldest auto race in the world. Car and car parts manufacturers still advertize that they are the best. People come from all over the world to see the race. The winners purse in 1911 was $27,550. In 1999 it was $9,047,150. The dream that Carl Fisher had is still going strong. Written by Deborah Wyman QUESTIONS 1-Why did you choose this text?Justify your answers or list the reasons why you choose. 2-What does the text mainly discuss? 3-What is the most interesting information or message you learned about the text? 4-Comment on the title,do you think it is a appropriate for the text?why/why not? if "not" what title would you suggest? ANSWERS 1-I choosed this text because, i like cars very much.And my favaurite sport is motorsports. 2-The text is about,fastest and richest race in the world, "The Indianapolis 500". The founder of this race was Carl Fisher of Indianapolis. His dream was to build a race track and this track would be used by car manufacturers to test their cars.In addition he filed a company on February 8,1909.And the first race began on june 5,1909.But the first race was tragic.5 people lost their lives. After that track reopenned with safety rules despite the some problems.What is more,auto racing was going bigger and stronger. The speedway began to be used for many maney making events.Cars came from many European countries. During WW1 and WW2,track was used as a repair depot and landing field.However,races started after the wars. Carl Fisher wanted to sell the speedway and in 1927 he sold the speedway.And he died in Florida in1939 As the years passed,everything changed at the speedway.Engine sizes,speeds allowe,safety features and crowd sizes.The winner purse was $27.550 in 1911 and in 1999 it was $9.047.150.Carl Fishers dream is living now. 3-I think the most interesting message is if a person wants to make real his/her aims,he/she does that in despite of difficulties. 4-I think the title is not appropriate.Because,it is very simple.Maybe it would be like:"The Indianapolis 500 Legend". FORD UNVEİLS 2004 FOCUS RS RALLY CAR Aerodynamics, body shell and engine [02/04/04 - 17:49] welve months ago Ford BP Rallye Sport launched the most technically advanced and revolutionary rally car the FIA World Rally Championship has seen. Exactly one year after the Ford Focus RS World Rally Car 03 took to the flowing speed tests of the Rally New Zealand, the 2004 version will follow the same path and make its debut there later this month. Here Ford BP technical director Christian Loriaux, the man behind both cars, outlines what has changed on the Focus RS WRC 04 which successfully completed the FIA homologation process this week. To describe the Focus RS WRC 04 as a new car would be wrong.It is more an evolution of the 03 model. When we first sat down to design the 'new shape' Focus in the middle of May 2002, we began with a clean sheet of paper and we ended with a radical, revolutionary rally car which retained all that was good from the previous model. That car won two rallies last season, claimed a 1-2 finish on its last event as a works car in Mexico last month and achieved our aim of being capable of victory on all surfaces. You don't throw that kind of success into the rubbish bin so the 04 car is essentially the same car with key improvements in several areas. There are three areas on which we concentrated for homologation - the aerodynamics, the body shell and the engine. The work on the first two was carried out by our engineering department at M-Sport with our engine partner, Cosworth Racing, handling the engine improvements. New Styling and Cooling Improvements To the untrained eye the Focus RS WRC 04 looks the same as the 03 version. But a closer look will show that we have redesigned the front bumper and restyled the rear bumper. The front bumper has two new ventilation areas on each side which will improve the cooling system to the engine. We won't see the full benefits of that just yet but once the ducting is in place then we will have a much improved cooling system. A re-styling of the rear bumper is part of the package and the combination of the two is the only visible difference to the car. I think the new styling makes the Focus RS look even more aggressive and adds further to the contemporary look of the car. However, it is still clearly recognisable as a Focus. Body Shell Just as important is the work carried out on the body shell. We presented a dossier to the FIA under the 2004 regulations which introduced a lighter body shell for the Focus RS. The new rules mean the minimum weight of the shell is now just 320kgs. We have lightened ours by 10kgs to 330kgs, so we are still 10kgs above the limit. Further weight savings could have been made by taking advantage of the new regulations which permit the use of an aluminium boot and bonnet but the time available to us did not allow for that. Of course, the weight of the car as a whole cannot be less than 1230kgs so the saving on the shell has allowed us to add more ballast. One of the key features of the 03 car was to save weight and, more importantly, distribute it via ballast to those areas of the car where it would improve balance and handling. Our weight saving with the new shell has allowed us to further that process and lower the centre of gravity even more. Engine The improvements Cosworth Racing has made to the engine are small compared to the huge leap forward we made last year. But nevertheless, they are still an improvement. We've made a weight saving on the turbocharger and also improved the response from the turbo system. There are also modifications to the con rod and piston assembly aimed at reliability rather than outright performance. As I said earlier, the changes are more of an evolution than anything else. The car has evolved from rally to rally under the skin and we'll continue to make improvements throughout the season, nibbling away at weight and reliability. In Cyprus, for example, we'll introduce new dampers and new electronic settings and these type of changes are crucial to any manufacturer that wants to remain competitive at the front. Development is a continuing process, not something that happens once a year during homologation. Since we unveiled the new car a year ago, the basics of the car, like the suspension geometry and the transmission have barely changed. But we've improved the set-up of the dampers, introduced a completely different hydraulic system, revised the airbox after our difficulties in Cyprus and brought in a new transfer box in the transmission. This is the type of development we'll continue to work on, introducing new aspects as and when they are ready and when we feel they will bring improvements. We're not expecting a quantum leap forwards from the homologation changes. What we do expect is to maintain the progress we've made since the car made its debut in New Zealand last year. And if we can achieve that, then the Focus will remain the best car in the championship. Tim Proctor, principal engineer of Cosworth Racing's World Rally Championship department, takes a closer look at the changes to the already successful Cosworth Duratec R engine. The days of making huge gains in engine performance are behind us now. Since every manufacturer is forced to run with the FIA restrictor, a WRC engine tends to be at its peak performance almost all the time. We aim to run the maximum amount of air through the restrictor almost all the time and so it is difficult to gain an advantage simply by trying to improve the breathing of the engine. However, that's not to say that gains in the engine's performance are impossible, just challenging. Performance improvements are achieved not by trying to improve the engine's breathing but by making it work more efficiently, both in its own right and as part of the overall car as a package. Integration is one of the areas we are concentrating on continually. Whereas in the past the engine would have its control system, the transmission would have its own system, the chassis its own system and so on, now we are working closely with the M-Sport engineers to ensure the engine operates as one component within the car as a whole. Therefore, there ultimately will be a single system that controls the complete car, and the engine forms part of that. We are also making several changes to the components of the 2004 specification engine, again with the aim of reducing weight, improving response and driveability and, as a result, performance. We are implementing a new turbocharger and exhaust manifold as well as other components of the anti-lag system. There is also a new connecting rod that is combined with a revised piston design. Each of these changes is relatively small but, together, mean the 2004 WRC engine takes another step forwards in helping to improve the performance of the car. Press Release Ford Rallye Sport FORD UNVEILS 2004 FOCUS RS RALLY CAR I choosed this text because i really interest in cars.I like cars,driving car,motorsports and rally.My favourite team is Ford Rally team in WRC(World Rally Championship).They produced a new good car so i want to introduce it. This article is about new WRC car of Ford.The new 2004 Focus RS rally car was introduced before Rally New Zealand.It is the new version of the 2003 Focus Rally Car.Engineers concentrated to change the aerodynamics,the engine and the body shell.2004 Focus looks more aggressive and modern.Now its body shell is more light and engine is stronger than the 2003 Focus.Performance of the car improved.So it is predicted that the new car has a big chance at the next rally New Zealand. From now on,Ford Rally Team is stronger and favourite of the WRC,i learned this message from the text. I think title is perfect for this article.It is exciting and it makes me anxious. SPEED RECORD LOS ANGELES, California -- NASA has made aeronautics history by launching an experimental jet that reached a record velocity of just over seven times the speed of sound. Fifty-seven years after test pilot Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier, NASA on Saturday launched the unpiloted research jet, in a development some observers say could change the future of space travel. It is the first time a supersonic-combustion ramjet, or scramjet, which burns hydroxen mixed with oxygen from the atmosphere, had traveled so fast, flight engineer Lawrence Huebner told reporters. Scientists hope such jets will make space travel more affordable and spur commercial ventures. Some observers compared Saturday's accomplishment to the Wright brothers' first powered flight. The 12-foot-long (3.65-meter), X-43A experimental craft rode atop a Pegasus booster rocket that was launched from a converted B-52 bomber about 400 miles (643 kilometers) off the coast of southern California. As planned, the X-43A plunged into the Pacific Ocean after the test and was not recovered. Pegasus, which flew to nearly 100,000 feet, reached a speed of Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound, preliminary data on the test flight showed. The needle-nosed scramjet then reached a maximum speed of slightly over seven times the speed of sound, or about 5,000 mph (8,000 kilometers). "It's a great way to end, certainly all the sweeter because of all the challenges we've had to step up to and overcome through the life of this project," said Griffin Corpening, chief engineer on the project at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center. The first X-43A flight ended in failure June 2, 2001, after the modified Pegasus rocket used to accelerate the plane veered off course and was detonated. An investigation board found preflight analyses failed to predict how the rocket would perform, leaving its control system unable to maintain stable flight. NASA built the X-43A under a $250 million program to develop and test these exotic type of engines. Saturday's flight tested aspects of a design to allow planes to overcome the pull of Earth's gravity by reaching escape velocity. The "air-breathing" jet was not bogged down with heavy fuel tanks, Huebner said. The space agency's dogged pursuit of extreme speed, officials hope, will ultimately make space flight easier to accomplish. It also could drastically cut the time of commercial flights -- perhaps shortening the trip between New York and London to less than five hours. After Pegasus released the X-43A, it flew under its own power for six minutes to do maneuvers over the ocean. The B-52 left California at 3:40 p.m. ET, taking at least an hour to reach the launch site over the ocean. The entire test lasted only about 10 minutes. NASA said it could test a vehicle at Mach 10 by the end of the year. Copyright 2004 CNN. All rights reserved. SPEED RECORD I choosed this text because i interest in planes.I tried to be pilot but i could not pass the exam.When i read this text i became very happy because this is a big invention.So i decided to do this. This is an article about an experimental jet which is produced by NASA.Its function is flying with over seven times the speed of sound.Its name is X-43A.It uses hydroxen and it launched from a B-52 bomber near Southern California.X-43A flew approxmietly 10 minutes with over seven mach speed and did maneuvers over ocean.Then it plunged into Pacific Ocean after the test.It has no pilot and heavy fuel tanks so it can fly 8000 kmh.This test is an important milestone of aeronautics.It shorts the filght hours.Maybe Newyork-London trip will be less than five hours. The most interesting info is that i learned is breaking the record of speed.The 8000kmh is very big speed. I think the title is appropriate for the article because it summarize the everything.The article is about a speed record so it is a good title. Arda Yapıcı ya Teşekkürler.. Mesajı son düzenleyen Orcнυη* ( 11-01-07 - 00:56 ).*

Konu Araçları
Çıktı Görüntüsünü Göster Sayfayı E-posta İle Yolla