İngilizce Denemeler(essays),Bağlaçlar ile ilgili çalışmalar,boşluk doldurmalar

kanter · 15-12-07, 03:09

Boğaziçi Üniversite'sinden mezun bir İngilizce öğretmeninin çoğunlukla Boğaziçili hazırlık öğrencilerine yardımcı olması amacıyla hazırladığı dokümanlardır.Üniversite hazırlık öğrencilerinin faydalanabileceği dokümanlardır.Lise öğrencileri için de yararlı olabilecektir ama "essay" çalışması gibi birşey liselerde pek uygulanan bir durum değil.Sadece "essay" değil hazırlık atlama sınavlarında önemli bir yer tutan bağlaçların kullanımı ile ilgili yazı da yer almaktadır.Lisede klasik olan cümleleri başka şekilde manayı bozmadan ifade çalışması da yer almakta.
Boğaziçi'den mezun birinin bir çalışması olduğundan yani sınavın hangi yapıda olduğunu bilen ve bunun üzerine çalışmalar yapan birinin çalışması olduğundan Boğaziçili hazırlık öğrencilerinin çokça fayda görebileceği dokümanlardır.Özellikle cümleler teker teker incelenerek çalışılırsa faydası daha fazla olacaktır.Kullanılan kelimeler de ezberlenmesi gereken kelimelerdendir.Aşağıda bazı örneklerini görebilirsiniz.Daha fazlası(Burada yer alanları da içeren) için 181 KB'lık dosyayı indirebilirsiniz.Başarılar...

[Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız]

ADVERTISING AFFECTS US

Advertising is an extremely powerful form of mass media in today’s world. We are surrounded by it-on the television, on the radio, at the cinema, in newspapers and magazines and bill-boards in the streets. We are constantly bombarded with a vast array of images all telling us to buy, buy, buy! We wear, eat, drink, and smoke this or that product if we wish to be loved, accepted, admired, and respected, in short if we want to succeed in life. However, are we really so gullible as to believe what advertisers tell us? How can this form of propoganda change our perception of beauty, desirability, and goodness? The effects of advertising on our lives, in terms of beauty, fashion and success are really quite alarming.
There is no doubt that advertising affects a society’s standards of beauty in a radical way. In the past, in the time of Ruebens for example, a woman was considered to be beautiful if she was soft and quite plump. However, in the developed world in the early 2000’s the ideal of feminine beauty is young, slim and fit, preferably perfect skin, hair, and teeth. Why has our perception changed? In the past, plumpness or fatness was a sign of material wealth; the person had enough money to eat well. However, nowadays, we take for granted that we have enough food. For us, a sign of success is having enough money to think about what we eat and to keep fit and healthy. Everywhere we see pictures of slim, fit young women and ordinary women are forced to believe that they should look like these ladies. Of course, the majority of women do not and this is why advertising of beauty care products is so successful. Advertisers inform us that they have exactly the right product to help us reach the peak of perfection to which we aspire, be it shampoo, face cream or wrinkle-removing cream. The lengths to which a person will go, in terms of financial loss and psychological suffering, seem almost irrational. It is an unfortunate fact that most of us are affected by such advertising tactis and, in fact, either believe the propoganda or are persuaded to try out the product at least once. Therefore, we end up buying a lot of products we really don’t need.
The same is true for people’s search for happiness. People have always wanted to be successful in education, in their job or within the family. Success is, of course, a personal thing, and can be measured in many ways. However, in our society, a successful person is one who has achieved a respected position in his community and has enough money to live a happy and fulfulling life. For example, a student is under pressure to do well at school or university so as to please his family and to get a good job. A parent wants to provide the best opportunities for his children and strives to give love, discipline and physical requirements in the correct proportions. Everywhere in advertising we see images of a good mother who uses a certain powder. Therefore, she looks after her family well. Similarly, we see a father who provides a beautiful home or car for his family. Since people are generally quite insecure about their own capabilities, they are easy to influence through advertising. The images of ‘good’ parents or ‘a good father’ play on people’s insecure feelings and indirectly make them buy certain products so that they can be like the people in the advertisements.
Advertising is, then, powerful since it affects us in ways that are not easy to recognise. We do not really know how it influences us. Everyone wishes to be beautiful, handsome and successful and advertising tells us that we can be. Advertising creates a need and then supplies the solution, the answer to our problems. If we can understand a little about how advertising works and why it affects us, we may be able to limit its influence on us. However, it seems that nowadays we actually help advertisers by using products such as jeans, sports shoes or handbags with prominently displayed designer labels like Levi, Adidas, and Samonsite. We believe we are creating an impression of success, fitness or fashion when in fact we are paying to advertise these products. Advertisers are certainly very intelligent!

_________________________________________

THE WAY AMERICANS AND SAUDI ARABIANS RAISE CHILDREN
There are many differences between the way American parents raise their children and the way parents bring up their children in Saudi Arabia.
In the U.S., children are raised to be responsible for themselves and to be independent from their parents, and the parents have equal responsibilities. They spend approximately the same amount of time with children. Both parents teach the children manners, both help the children with their homework, and both teach the children how to be successful in life. each parent plays games with the children, and each parents punishes the children; both have equal authority over the children.One goal of U.S. parents seems to be to make their children responsible for themselves; to achieve this objective, both parents usually work outside the home, and they leave the children with a babysitter. Soon the children learn to be responsible; they choose their own clothes, feed themselves when they are hungry, and go to sleep when they are tired. Consequently, a distance develops between the parents and the children, and everyone in the family begins to lead separate lives. Another goal of U.S. parents is to make their children independent. In order to do this, parents encourage even their very young children to work outside the home. Sometimes seven-year-old children earn money by delivering newspapers or shoveling snow. By the time the children are in high school, most of them are working many hours every week. They are making a lot of money, and soon they are financially independent. Therefore, they make many of their own decisions; they buy their own clothes and cars, they choose all of their friends, and they decide when to come home at night. Before very long, while these students are still young, they leave their homes and begin to live independently. For many U.S. parents, this is a sign of successful child raising, a responsible, independent adult.
In contrast, in my country, Saudi Arabia, parents treat their children as dependents, and each parent has separate responsibilities. The father, for example, has the responsibility for the complete financial support of his family. He works outside the home, and he buys his family, including his children, whatever they need. Another responsibility for his children includes making all major decisions for them; the children must bring their problems to him, and they must respect his decision. The father is also responsible for communicating his experiences to his sons to prepare them for life; he teaches them not to miss opportunities, how to be successful, and how to be happy. The mother’s primary responsibility, on the other hand, is to care for the everyday needs of her children: cleaning the house, cooking, and the keeping the children and their clothes clean. She stays home all the time, ans she showers her children with love and guidance. She teaches them to behave correctly, and she shows them how to become good,, kind, and generous people. Finally, she teaches her daughters what they need to learn for a good life: how to cook and sew, and how to be good wives and mothers. For Saudi Arabian parents, having their children depends on them for everything is the way to control and to protect the children. the parents choose their children’s clothes, decide which friends are the best for them, select the best schools, and even decide whom their children should marry. Only when the children are old enough to make their own decisions do the parents allow them to do so.
There are two separate results of these differences in child raising: American children, who become adults in childhood, often behave like children when they are adults, but Saudi Arabian children, who have passed through all the stages of childhood, are ready to behave like adults when they reach maturity.
_________________________________________

AN INDISPENSABLE FRIENDSHIP

People have always tried to find something or someone to trust in life. Everyone needs a good friend to feel some kind of security and companionship. For example, many of us like to go out for dinner on weekend nights with a friend who wants to hear about how we feel and what our plans are. Nowadays, it is not easy to find good and loyal friends because there are many kinds people with different thoughts, feelings, and even intellect. Despite these differences, friendship can be classified into three categories: superficial, selfish, and real. Even though true friendship is to give and not to expect anything back, not all frienships are based on this principle.
A superficial friendship is one that makes us fall into materialistic behaviour against our better judgement. When I was in junior high school at the age of twelve, I had some girlfriends who used to tell me that I was quite conservative and that I would have to dress like them if I wanted to continue being part of their group and to keep our friendship. I thought, ‘ I don’t want to be lonely.’ And suddenly I turned into a very different person who changed her own way of being and thinking. Conversations between my girlfriends and me were usually about new fashions, jewelry, singers, and so on-mainly not very important things. I felt uncomfortable pretending to be somebody that I wasn’t. This kind of relationship is not very deep or sentimental and never lasts for a long time precisely because it is superficial.
Another category of friend is the selfish friend. An example of a selfish friendship is one with a friend that tries to take advantage of you. The selfish friend starts out seeming very interested in in what you have to say and trying to make you feel like an important person in his life. After this friend gets enough confidence, he will begin to ask you for some help or will unload his problems on you and expect you to solve them for him. This relationship makes you feel obligated to your friend and not free to make friends with others. The main reason why these relationships occur is that we sometimes need someone to depend on and are deceived by the selfish friend’s initial interest in us. The problem is that selfish people may not be able to show sincere feelings of friendship to others. My personal opinion is that if we have given our friendship sincerely, even to a selfish friend, there is nothing to regret.
When there is a real friendship, you are always willing to share all kinds of sadness and joy with your friend. You can trust a real friend completely and feel free to be just the way you are without pretending. Real friendship gives a satisfaction that money cannot buy and makes you feel very important to someone you respect and love. Actually, it is as important as the love of family. In a real friendship, you find endless loyalty, confidence, and security any time you need support or even protection. In addition, real friendship places no limits on friends helping each other to reach all their goals and desires.
In conclusion, these days, the need for the security and understanding of a good friend is essential for everybody. Even though we may have have many kinds of friends in our life, once we find a real one, it allows us to give the best of ourselves to make our friends feel good. I am sure that this is the only kind of friendship that will be everlasting.
_________________________________________

‘Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being your own boss.’

Have you ever considered becoming your own boss? In recent years the number of people choosing to start their own business has risen significantly. Many claim that this is because more and more people are no longer content to work for someone else.
One of the main advantages of being self-employed is the fact that you are completely self-reliant and can make decisions on your own. This can give you a great sense of freedom and allows you to do exactly what you want without interference from anyone else. You can do what you want and nobody can tell you off because of your lateness or some other reasons. Nobody interferes with you and your work. What is more, your working day can be planned for your convenience, allowing you to work when you want rather than when you have to. For example, you do not have to get up early to go to work. As it is your own work, you are free to go whenever you want. Moreover, You can choose how much you want to work. If you like, you can come earlier or you can work at the weekend. Finally, if your business is successful, people will know that you alone should be given the credit. There is a good reason for you to feel proud because you have reached success on your own.
However, there are disadvantages of being your own boss. Many self-employed people have said that to build a successful business, you have to be prepared to work long hours and sacrifice your personal life. As B.C. Forbes once said, ‘ If you don’t drive your business, you will be driven out of business.’ Moreover, a 1996 government study found that a quarter of the businesses run by newly self-employed people failed within the first years.
All things considered, it seems to me that self-employment can be a very gratifying experience even though it has some difficulties. However, when success is achieved, the greatest reward of all is the knowledge that you have done it on your own.
_________________________________________
‘Censorship is necessary in modern world.’ Discuss.

Censorship is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate, with supporters maintaining that it is vital in order to protect society, whilst opponents claim that it is an unjustifiable restriciton of public access to information.
Firstly, all countries have secrets which must be safeguarded for reasons of national security. For instance, if an enemy country were to acquire such highly sensitive information, the effects could be catastrophic. Consequently, goverments have to have the power to restrict access to information concerning areas such as the armed forces or particular aspects of foreign policy.
Secondly, it is often argued that censorship is necessary to prevent the broadcast and publication of obscene material which is considered offensive or harmful to public morals. Many people feel that, without censorship the public would be constantly subjected to material that the majority would find offensive. For this reason, the government has duty to impose certain restrictions on the mass media by censoring films and texts which contain explicit scenes of sex, violence or foul language.
In contrast, opponents point out that when it is abused by governments, censorship becomes an instrument used to misinform society and maintain power. In order to control the flow of information which reaches the public, repressive regimes try to put constraints on the mass media, thus denying citizens the right to information owing to the fact that governments believe it may lead them to seek greater freedom.
Furthermore, it is generally felt that mature adults are able to make informed choices about what they watch, read and listen to and should, therefore, be permitted to make their own decisions. For example, some comedians make use of offensive language and taboo subjects in their performances. Critics of censorship argue that the only people who have made a conscious decision to do so. Thus, it is claimed, it is unjust to censor the material like this since it is not upon people who may subsequently be offended by it.
All things considered, it can be concluded that a certain degree of censorship is always necessary. The best course of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the requirements of the country and the public on the one hand, and individuals’ rights on the other.
_________________________________________

Topic: Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

There are many advantages and disadvantages to offering employees job security for life. In Japan, for example, prospective employees know that their employers will provide them with job security for their entire working days and they are better able to plan for their future and family. However, many businesses are now realising that their employees have less motivation to work and this leads to fewer profits for the company. I will describe the advantages and disadvantages of this system in this essay and I will show that ultimately “jobs for life” is not good for a society.

Job security is very important for both the employee and the employer. For the employee, job security is important because she can depend on her source of income and better plan her future accordingly. For the employer, the employee represents an investment because of the number of hours of training required and the company will continue to have a return on this investment. As we all know, feeling secure about where our future income will come from is very important for our well-being—anybody who has lost a job and has had trouble finding a new one knows that this transition period can cause a lot of anxiety.

However, job security tends to lead to decreased productivity. In general, employees who are certain that they can never lose their jobs tend to work less efficiently, thereby contributing to an overall reduction of productivity in the company. A common example all over the world is that of civil servants. In Thailand, for example, many government workers are so indolent that it can take days or months for something to be finished that should only take a few days. It is not uncommon to walk into a government office and see employees filing their nails, making personal calls on the telephone, taking three-hour lunches, or surfing on the Internet for fun.

Finally, the model of capitalism is proving to be the most efficient model that we have right now. This model of job security completely contradicts with the foundations of capitalism. We can see in the United States now that people are starting to change jobs, even careers more and more often. Some career consultants even recommend that employees find new jobs every three to five years. Even in countries that still offer job security for life, this model is showing signs of dying out. For example, in Japan, once famous for its lifelong jobs, both employees and employers are starting to expect that these jobs will not last a lifetime. Many of my Japanese friends travel back and forth between the United States and Japan and have been able to find temporary professional jobs while they are in Japan.

In short, I disagree that companies should offer their employees jobs for life. We can see this example in some parts of the world and in other areas in the United States, but these examples are generally regarded as outmoded ways of conducting business. Finally, the models of capitalism, even though it may seem cruel, the so-called “law of the jungle,” are proving to be the most effective way to raise the standard of living of a country.
_________________________________________
CAUSES OF TEENAGE SMOKING

A thirteen-year-old boy, standing in the doorway of his school, puffs on a cigarette. He holds it carelessly, like an adult, yet in plain view. He looks around to amke sure that the other guys are watching. If you ask how long he has smoked, you will find out that he started when he was eleven. By now, he is an addicted smoker. If you ask him why he smokes, he will probably say that he enjoys it. However, you wonder if that is really the reason. It seems that the causes of teenage smoking are more complex. More specifically, they have more to do with the ambiguous role of teenagers in society. Teenage smoking is caused by personal insecurity, a desire to be like adults, and peer pressure.
The major cause of teenage smoking is the personal insecurity young people often feel. They are at a difficult age. They are no longer children, so the ways in which they behaved in the past are inappropriate. On the other hand, they are not adults yet. As a result, they do not know the ways of the adult world. This conflict may result in feelings of insecurity. For example, if children want attention from their parents or a toy, they can cry to draw attention to their desires. On the other hand, for teenagers, crying will be labelled childish and they may be told to ‘act their age.’ Often, however, the teenager does not know how to act his/her age. Since they do not know what to do, they often turn to smoking as a way to hider their nervousness and insecurities.
Secondly, as we have just seen, teenagers need to learn how to behave like adults. They undoubtedly realize this and spend time emulating adults. They imitate adults and their behaviour. Consequently, they try to adopt more adult-like attitudes and manners. They pay attention to their dress and the opposite sex. One thing that young teenagers perceive as ‘very adult’ is cigarette smoking. Boys think of their fathers as men and because they want to be ‘men’ like their fathers, they start to smoke. Thus, they begin a habit which most adults know is unhealthy. Most children see their parents mostly their fathers smoking while they are very young. They tend to misinterpret that smoking is a symbol of the adult world. In order to be like adults, they need to smoke. After they start smoking, they may think that they have joined the adult world, and they are not children any more.
Finally, while it is true that teenagers are attempting to become adults, this effort is not fully conscious. In fact, they often see theri friends close to them, so they tend to integrate into friendship groups. They tend to see their parents and teachers as enemies. Consequently, they tend to turn to their peer group for support. We are all familiar with teenagers who want to look and act exactly all the teenagers in their peer group. This peer group can exert so much pressure that teenagers end up doing things in the group that they normally would not do. One of these things is smoking. Imagine a group of guys playing pool together after school. One says to the others, ‘ I am going to buy a pack of cigarettes. Do you want to smoke one with me?’ The peer pressure here is so great that most normal boys will succumb. Who you are depends on whom you are with. This saying shows the inevitable impact of peer pressure.
To sum up, teenagers start smoking due to several factors, three of which stand out. First, they feel insecure because they are in a transition period: from childhood and adulthood. In additon, most teenagers have a strong desire to be like adults, which means that children are inclined to start smoking to emulate adults. Finally, peers incite each other to start smoking.
_________________________________________
CHILDCARE

Recent changes in federal government priorities have seen a reduction in financial support for parents who use childcare. This is occurring at a time when there is increasing social and financial pressures on parents, especially mothers, to work. The issue of childcare and working mothers has been the subject of dispute for some time. Many people argue that the best place for children is always in their own homes with their own parents. However, it is my contention that there are many advantages to be had from using childcare and the government should provide more financial assistance to parents who do so.
It has been argued that children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out on important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. These children, so this argument goes, may be educationally disadvantaged later in life. However, childcare centers may actually assist children in their early learning. They give children an opportunity to mix with other children and to develop social skills at early age. Indeed, a whole range of learning occurs in childcare centers.
Another argument against the use of childcare facilities is that children can be emotionally deprived in these facilities compared to home. This argument assumes that the best place for children is to be at their parents’; especially mothers’ side for twenty-four hours a day. It claims that children’s emotional development can be damaged when they are left in childcare facilities. However, children become less dependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and more effective care-givers when there are periods of separation. In fact, recent studies indicate that the parent-child relationship can be improved by the use of high-quality childcare facilities.
It could further be asserted that the government and the economy as a whole cannor afford the enormous cost involved in supporting childcare for working parents. However, working parents actually contribute to the national economy. They are able to utilize their productive skills and pay income tax, while non-working parents can be a drain on the tax system through dependent spouse and other rebates.
In conclusion, government support for childcare services assist individual families and is important for the economic well-being of the whole nation.

Find the main premise and underline it.
Paragraphs 2,3 and 4 all cover different topics related to the issue of childcare. Describe the topic of each paragraph in four words or less and write it in the margin next to the paragraph.
Paragraphs 2,3 and 4 don’t just contain arguments that support the main premise. They also contain arguments that oppose the main premise. It is important to include opposing arguments to show your reader that you have considered both sides of the arguments; and you are able to anticipate and criticise any opposing arguments before they are even stated. Draw circle around the opposing arguments in paragraphs 2,3 and 4.
It is important that the reader knows that when you write opposing arguments, you do not agree with them. You have to make it clear that you are presenting these arguments only to show that you understand the issue from both sides, that you have anticipated the opposing arguments and wish to criticise them. In order to signal this, you need to use special phrases to problematise the opposing arguments. ( To problematise something means you make it seem like a problem, to make it seem untrue.) We can problematise arguments by making them appear debatable opinions and not facts. A common way to do this is to explicitly mark the statement as an argument. Example 1: It has been argued that children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out on important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. By building the phrase’It has been argued that’ in the above statement the writer is problematising the statement here: children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out on important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. Find the other problematising phrases in paragraphs 2,3 and 4 of the text.
5. Shifting from opposing arguments to supporting arguments: You can also signal the difference between the opposing and supporting arguments by clearly marking the point in each paragraph where you shift from one to the other. You can use contrasting connectives like however to mark this point.
Example: It could be argued that computers create unemployment. However, computers actually create many forms of employment that never existed before.
_________________________________________
‘Vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law’

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it's amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don't the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long ago; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bear-baiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit' is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much; You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings or any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
_________________________________________
DEMOCRASY

In democratic countries politics is an indispensable factor which enables politicians to be voted by community. They should affect public opinion to be able to be in power. However, this necessity for democracy has corrupted gradually in recent years. There are some reasons for this corruption. Longing for leadership, greed for wealth, interference of outsiders and some mistakes in election systems are some of the reasons.
Some people are born for leadership. These willing people become politicians when they reach the age to choose their occupations. There is nothing in the world as wonderful as power and leadership in the view of them. They usually deviate from their aims when they are not able to come to power in several elections. Then, they are like monsters that strive to do everything they can against their political rivals.Therefore, they lose their desires for power and convert politics into a fighting area.
Money is another important cause of political corruption. People want more when they have one part of money. Likewise, deputies who gain a lot of revenue become greedy for more wealth. This greed forces them to compete with each other to be one of thy richest people in the country ; so damage is on their policy.
Big fish swallows the smaller one. There are some countries which determine the equilibrium of the world.These countries are in contact with the politicians of other countries.Deputies or politicians in weaker countries have to obey those of more powerful ones. This obligation causes them to diverge from some policies. As a result, they are liars and valueless before the nation; so there is nothing that makes them virtuous and dependent on their promises for the development of country.
Finally, election systems are mistaken in some cases.Political parties choose some representatives for the parliament and present them the opinion of public and community vote these candidates without knowing their characteristics. They rely on the party which is useful for them not nominees who are determined by the party. What is more, these people may deserve these rights by bribery to the political area these people are most efficient ones to decay purposes of politics.
In summary, the corruption in politics can be ascribed to desire for leadership, greed for affluence, interruption of foreign strong countries and wrong methods in election systems. Politics decomposes unless these barriers are overcome. It is time for us to be more aware and sensitive about politics. Politicians are our representatives and when they make some mistakes in their policy, this means that we are wrong as much as them.
_________________________________________

-Boşluk Doldurma-

It is difficult for the young of developing countries to be as independent as those in developed countries.

There are some differences between developed ....... underdeveloped countries.We can see one of these remarkable differences in .... way the young are treated in society. The young in developing countries find it difficult ..... behave as independently ....... those in developed nations. Traditions,child-rearing practices, and educational systems can account ......... this situation.
The first reason ..... strict rules stemming from traditions. The young in developing and underdeveloped nations cannot ........ independent enough ......... of rigid social rules. It is obvious that underdeveloped countries are mostly traditional cultures. In ........ societies people focus ...... obedience and high social control mechanism. Therefore, the individual is expected ..... behave as the society wants. For example, in Iran, which ....... highly a traditional culture, the young ...... not allowed to behave independently. ..... the contrary, they are supposed to ...... submissive and obedient. The society restricts their creativity and independence. On the ...... hand, in America, which is highly an developed country, the young are ................ to be creative and autonomous. In short, in traditional societies strict social norms deter the young .......... being independent.
The second point is ....... the young in developing nations cannot be independent ........... to child-rearing practices. The way parents bring ...... children mostly affects their personality development. If parents put a lot of pressure ...... their children, it is inevitable that the children will ..... be self-confident, creative and productive. As they are ................ by their families, they are unable ...... develop their potentialities. For example, the young in traditional cultures cannot ........... decision individually and independently. Therefore, they need others to help them decide. Children’s ideas are not taken ..... account. Parents in underdeveloped nations are strict ....... bringing up children. Too ............ strictness prevents the young ....... developing their own personalities to be independent.
The third and final factor is educational systems. There are huge differences .............. developing and underdeveloped countries ……… educational standards. To be more precise, memorization, uniformity, and obedience are ........ priority in poor nations. Students are expected ....... memorize a lot of rules, ............. they are not ......... to apply them to real life situations. They are bombarded ........ too much information within short period of time.Therefore, they cannot develop their high mental processes, ......... as application,analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Moreover, students are supposed to do what authorities want. For example, they ....... to wear uniform, stand up when teachers come in. They are not permitted to question their teachers. On the contrary, they are required to look ....... to them. In underdeveloped countries there are strict regulations at schools. Uniformity and conformity are highly valued above everything else. How can we expect the young under these circumstances ........ be independent?
In conclusion, underdeveloped and developing countries depend ......... strict traditional rules. Parents in such nations .............. up children strictly. What ...... more, education does not aim at educating creative individuals. On the ..............., it limits them to a great extent. Because of all these reasons, the young cannot ............. as independently as those in developing countries.

kanter · 15-12-07, 03:10

Topic: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer

It is our parents who are the first people that make us do so many things we do not like. The list of all unpleasant chores is lengthy, including doing homework, helping with the housework, brushing teeth, getting up early - I think everyone has her own specific list. However, when a child grows up, she understands that there were reasons for parents to demand all these things: doing homework helped to study well and get into college, brushing one's teeth prevented tooth decay, and helping about the house developed useful skills and prepared for grown-up life.

Most things that are unpleasant now usually promise greater rewards in the future. Studying instead of going to the cinema eventually leads to a better, more interesting and rewarding job; regular exercise brings fitness, health and a long life; eating low-cholesterol food inhibits some diseases; pregnancy brings a happiness of motherhood, and paying taxes brings social protection.

Doing things one does not like to do is similar to physical exercise; only it trains character, not leg muscles. Overcoming one's own laziness requires determination, giving up bad habits requires strong will, mastering new skills also develops intellectual flexibility, and admitting mistakes takes courage. These important personal qualities develop little by little and mostly by doing things one does not like, but has to do.

Sometimes doing something you don’t like is important in enjoying life. A person gets used to both good and bad, so with time, pleasure loses its intensity and turns into habit. Contrast refreshes feelings and returns pleasure. Doing unpleasant things makes nice things seem even nicer. Hard work makes rest desired; house chores make evening out a genuine party, a year at the office makes vacation a real holiday.

It is important to keep balance in doing things one does like. Sometimes a person gets so involved in doing unpleasant things in the pursuit of some distant goals that he loses the very talent for enjoying life. Being with family, travelling to some distant exotic places, and having a child are put off until it is too late. One needs to stop in the everyday rat race, just to look at and admire the world around him, to share several words or thoughts or jokes with his closest people, to make something with his own hands.

In short, one certainly needs to do things he does not like to do, but he still should not forget about life pleasures.
_________________________________________
PEOPLE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH

In the twentieth century, many technological and medical developments have take place. Nevertheless, there are still some fatal diseases for which there is no remedy. Nowadays, this situation has given rise to a debate as to whether the lives of fatally ill people should be ended. In this regard, some people allege that killing such people will reduce the financial burden on their families, the hospitals, and the governments. On the other hand, religious and ethical principles in no way authorize such an action. Moreover, scientists have conducted numerous researches and experiments to find remedies for these deadly illnesses. It is more likely that the results these researches will be positive.
Some people assert that fatally ill people should be killed. According to them, this situation will wipe out the financial burden on their families, hospitals, and governments. From the economic perspective, this approach may seem to be tue. However, there is another dimension to this argument which those people do not consider, that the value of life can be measured by no means. Furthermore, no one can assure that all people with fatal illnesses will die. So far many examples of this type in which patients did not die have been observed.
In almost all societies killing is not appropriate from religious and ethical standpoints. According to religious and ethical principles, life is sacred and taking one’s life is unethical and unjust. That is why killing even a fatally ill person is a faulty act. In a country where the majority of its citizens are conservative and religious, putting euthanisia into application is practically impossible.
Another argument against killing fatally ill people is provided by the fact that scientists are constantly looking for remedies for deadly diseases and every year they discover new medical methods. For instance, several decades ago, there was no remedy for cancer. Yet, thanks to the invaluable efforts of scientists, most of the people with the disease of cancer can be cured.
As a consequence, there are two fundamental approaches to the discussion as to whether people with fatal illnesses should be killed or not. One of these approaches is that those people pose a financial burden to their families, hospitals, and governments. Therefore, they should be given the right to end their lives. On the other hand, this argument is so superficial that it does not take religious and ethical principles into consideration. What is more, in view of research and experiments carried out by sicentists, there is always a chance of survival for such people.
_________________________________________
-Boşluk Doldurma-

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING TOO MUCH MONEY

Money ...... become a very important concept in our lives. Earning more money has become the only dream of many people. ................. having too much money has a lot of benefits, it has some drawbacks.
As ....... the advantages of money, first of all, wealthy people ........... more likely to have status in society. ................. they earn or have more money, they have high socioeconomic status. In ............. words, they live in luxurious parts of the cities. For example, affluent individuals mostly live ...... Etiler, Levent, and Moda in İstanbul. Where you live may be an indicator ........ your wealth and income. What is more, rich people are mostly respected ......... low income groups because of their affluence. Secondly, money is very significant to make .......... of social services. If you do not have adequate money, you will not ........... able to obtain proper nutrition and medical care. In ..............., if you have sufficient money, you can go to private hospitals and ........ proper treatment.You can send your children to private schools and provide them ........... quality education by means ......... your money. What ..... more, you can go to America or England to maintain your education. On ....... other hand, people living in misery cannot benefit .......... medical supplies and educational opportunities properly because of their low income.Thirdly, having more money ............. more pleasure and entertainment. ........... holidays you can go to America or other countries for some time. In ......... way, you get to know many people from different countries and you can ............ your horizans. In brief, having enough money may .................. you to be powerful, take ............... of social services properly, and get pleasure from life.
In ................... of the benefits, having excessive amount of money may include some disadvantages. In the ............. place, it may ................... your life because there will be a lot of enemies around you. Some people may ............... your child and want you to give ransom. In addition, you cannot go out .................. bodyguards in case you ........ attacked. In the ............... place, you may have no goals in life because you do not ............ to work hard to make ........ living. For example, you own a house, a car, and ............ a summer house. You can buy what you want and go ............. you want. In this way, there ............ nothing for to worry about financially. In the ................ place, when you have too much money, there will be a lot of people around you. You cannot be sure if such peope try to approach you just .................. of your wealth ............... due to their sincerity and friendliness. That is to say, you find it to have real friends. You may ................ suspicious of people around you. In short, having a lot money may lead to having enemies, having no exact aims, and not finding sincere friends.
To sum up, having too much money has ............... only benefits but ...................... disadvantages. Nevertheless, more money seems .............. outweigh the disadvantages. One should try to enjoy his life with his wealth.
_________________________________________

-Boşluk Doldurma-

What are the reasons for terrorism?
Fill in the blanks using appropriate transitions.
TERRORISM

Terrorism has become a very fashionable and up-to-date subject in our lives in recent years. Terrorist attacks have always existed .......... people appeared on the earth. Since terrorism has started to threaten people’s peaceful lives, it has been the focus of public interest and attention all over the world. There are various reasons for illegal acts ranging from ideological considerations to the disparity between the rich and the poor.
The first important factor for terrorist acts is the spread of ideology. There is not any problem if your ideas are legal. However, some minorities and illegal groups strive to spread their ideas and they are naturally prevented by the police ............. their thoughts are destructive for national security. Since they are not allowed to express their opinions in legal ways, they resort to illegal ways such as terrorism. This serious threat holds true for almost all the countries in the world. ................ , Turkey has suffered from PKK for about 20 years. In many underdeveloped countries there are a lot of underrepresented religious and ethnic groups. They try to impose their views by using violence. They attempt to kill hundreds of innocent children and ordinary citizens who have nothing to do with the problem. Terrorists should keep in mind that violence breeds violence. It does not solve any problems. ................. , it makes them acute.
The other equally striking reason is that there is a great distinction between rich and poor people in many societies in the world. ............. it is true to say that affluent people can eat and buy whatever they desire, some financially deprived people find it difficult even to buy a loaf of bread. This huge disparity is a potential threat for order and peace in society. It is obvious that the majority of people who are involved in terrorist attacks are mostly from low income groups. This can be clearly illustrated by the fact that in İstanbul the majority of terrorists live in Armutlu, which is a suburban area. These people live in ghettos and are financially incited to take part in criminal activities. ......................... , financially secure individuals may avoid getting involved in terrorism because they do not have financial concerns. Unemployment and poverty incite people to get in touch with terrorist groups. ............ the number of unemployed, homeless, and dissatisfied people rises, there are more terrorist movements. This is just ........... to the fact such people are mostly deceived and given financial support by illegal groups which aim to prove themselves and get what they want.
To sum up, terrorism is a serious threat to national unity and world peace. Spread of ideology and the great differences between income groups are the two important serious causes of terrorism. Financially insecure and those who are not able to voice their ideas in legal ways are more inclined to terrorism even ....... there are exceptions.

What is the thesis statement of the essay above?
What are the subtopics?
What is the function of the concluding paragraph?
_________________________________________

-CONJUCTIONS(BAĞLAÇLAR)-

REGARDLESS OF : IRRESPECTIVE OF

Many parents expect their children to be more successful and better than others regardless of the needs and interests of their kids.
Everybody should be able to make use of educational opportunities regardless of their race, language, gender, religion, and ethnic background.
Regardless of what others say, do what you want. In this way, you can be happy.
Many parents tend to put their children in front of TV sets regardless of the contents of what they watch. They only try to keep their children silent and busy.
Some children want to be as independent as they desire regardless of social control mechanisms.

IN CONTRAST
In contrast to the old, the young are much more interested in information technologies.
In contrast to men, women are more emotional.
In contrast to educated people, uneducated individuals are not aware of public affairs. Thus, they are easily deceived by politicians.
Shy students tend to avoid talking in front of their friends because of their inner sides. In contrast, active or extrovert ones can’t help making comments in the class. In this case, we cannot say that the latter are better than the former. There are different people having different personality traits.
Unlike strict parents, authoritative parents balance love and discipline. Authoritarian mothers and fathers depend on strict rules and obedience. In contrast, authoritative ones consider that not only love but also order is necessary to bring up sophisticated children.

IN SPITE OF : DESPITE
The world is full of people who seem to be happy in spite of their financial worries.
Some people tend to consume a lot of materials or services in spite of their limited budget.
In spite of the considerable developments almost in every field of life in this century, there are some serious problems threatening our lives.
In spite of the recent economic recession, many people have tried to survive.

ALTHOUGH : EVEN THOUGH

Alhough many people know that smoking is harmful to human body in many ways, they persist in smoking. It is amazing to see those who claim that smoking is dangereous, but they continue to smoke.
_________________________________________
-Cümleleri anlam değişmeden farklı bir şekilde ifade etme çalışması-

PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

1. Failures in education result from using too many old materials and bombarding students with too much information in a short time.
3) Many people in underdeveloped countries do not have job opportunities. Therefore, they have a great tendency to emigrate to developed countries to make their living.
4) Not only ambition but also having a planned way of life is necessary to be successful in life in addition to graduating from a famous university. Although being a graduate of a prestigious university like Bosphorus University is very important, it is not enough to succeed in life.
5) Although technology has developed greatly and has provided us with numerous benefits, it is the main reason for many serious problems we face today like pollution and trafic jam.
6) Bosphorus University provides quality education through its quality materials and qualified staff. In addition, it has a wonderful view.
7) Learning English provides a lot of advantages. Firstly, if you know English, you are more likely to have a well-paid job. Secondly, knowing English has high prestige in society. That is to say, it is a symbol of status. It is obvious that some people learn English for social prestige.
8 ) Traditional and modern families are different from each other with regard to many respects. For example, traditional people focus on obedience and cooperative behaviour, but people who accept a modern way of life stress the importance of creativity and individuality. We can conclude that traditional way of life and modernism differ in child rearing practices.
9 ) There is a close relationship between learning and motivation. Namely, if you have high motivation, you are more likely to learn what you study.
10) In those societies where conformity and obedience are stressed, children are likely to be inward. Since parents do not let them express themselves, they cannot communicate with others when they grow up and are on their own. Furthermore, such children cannot decide individually and independently.
13 ) Do not ask what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country. John Kennedy
14 ) What makes us different from other living organisms is that we are gregarious and need to be in the company of others.
15 ) Cem deviates from social norms. That is to say, he does not behave appropriately in the society. Therefore, he is often punished.
16)Many parents expect their children to be more successful and better than others regardless of the needs and interests of their kids.
17)Everybody should be able to make use of educational opportunities regardless of their race, language, gender, religion, and ethnic background.
18)Many parents tend to put their children in front of TV sets regardless of the contents of what they watch. They only try to keep their children silent and busy.
In contrast to the old, the young are much more interested in information technologies.
In contrast to educated people, uneducated individuals are not aware of public affairs. Thus, they are easily deceived by politicians.
Shy students tend to avoid talking in front of their friends because of their inner sides. In contrast, active or extrovert ones can’t help making comments in the class. In this case, we cannot say that the latter are better than the former. There are different people having different personality traits.
Unlike strict parents, authoritative parents balance love and discipline. Authoritarian mothers and fathers depend on strict rules and obedience. In contrast, authoritative ones consider that not only love but also order is necessary to bring up sophisticated children.
Some people tend to consume a lot of materials or services in spite of their limited budget.
In spite of the considerable developments almost in every field of life in this century, there are some serious problems threatening our lives..
_________________________________________
-Cümledeki bağlaçların altını çizin ve görevlerini yazın.-

Underline the transitions in the following sentences and write their functions.

It is amazing that some students tend not to study their lessons, yet they succeed in passing their exams.
Many people have a tendency to save money, for they fear that they will not be able to work and earn enough money in the following years.
There are inadequate research opportunities in underdeveloped countries, so many bright students have a tendency to immigrate to developed countries for their education.
Once you have promised to do something, you should not break your promise.
People can lead good lives as long as they imagine. Do you agree?
While some people know only their native language, others can speak a few languages.
Some people are ambitious and are ready to do everything necessary to reach their goals, while others do not care about their lives. They just seek temporary pleasure.
The young in developed countries are encouraged to be creative and assertive, whereas those in underdeveloped countries are supposed to be meek and obedient. Therefore, it is really difficult for the young in poor nations to behave as independently as those in wealthy nations.
The wife was affluent,so she could buy whatever she desired,whereas the husband was broke. He had to obey his wife because he was not financially independent.
Even though some individuals know smoking is harmful to human health, they persist in smoking. In this case, we can state that what they do is contrary to what they know or believe.
Once he has made up his mind to do something, he never changes his decision.
Technology has led to many problems in our lives. Nevertheless, we should learn to take advantage of it.
People are different from animals in that they have the ability to think.
Students differ in their level of motivation and attitudes towards school.
We can attribute brain drain to lack of research opportunities in underveloped countries.
Failures in our education can be attributed to a variety of social, economic, and psychological problems.
As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely better than a bicycle. However, with respect to convenience, it is difficult to say the same.
As far as the effect of tourism on economy is concerned, it is a good source of income.
Barış and Lale are both my close friends. Barış is a doctor. As for Lale, she is a nurse.
I do not object to you. On the contrary, I support you.
Spain is not in Asia. On the contrary, it is in Europe.
Everybody should be equal irrespective of race, language, and religion.
I take after my father in that I am dark.
Unlike Emre, Erkan is stubborn.
In contrast to women, men are more rational and aggressive.
You should study hard so that you can pass the test.
Elephants are vegetarian. In other words, they do not eat meat.
Television informs us. What is more, it entertains us.
There are a lot of unemployed people in rural areas. Therefore, such people have a tendency to move into big cities to make their living.

15-12-07, 03:09	#1 (permalink)
kanter Uçarsan Aşarsın Giriş Tarihi: 24-08-2007 Yer: Düşler Ülkesi Mesajlar: 6,383 Blog Mesajları: 21 Rep Puanı: 59665664 Rep Gücü: 596735	İngilizce Denemeler(essays),Bağlaçlar ile ilgili çalışmalar,boşluk doldurmalar Boğaziçi Üniversite'sinden mezun bir İngilizce öğretmeninin çoğunlukla Boğaziçili hazırlık öğrencilerine yardımcı olması amacıyla hazırladığı dokümanlardır.Üniversite hazırlık öğrencilerinin faydalanabileceği dokümanlardır.Lise öğrencileri için de yararlı olabilecektir ama "essay" çalışması gibi birşey liselerde pek uygulanan bir durum değil.Sadece "essay" değil hazırlık atlama sınavlarında önemli bir yer tutan bağlaçların kullanımı ile ilgili yazı da yer almaktadır.Lisede klasik olan cümleleri başka şekilde manayı bozmadan ifade çalışması da yer almakta. Boğaziçi'den mezun birinin bir çalışması olduğundan yani sınavın hangi yapıda olduğunu bilen ve bunun üzerine çalışmalar yapan birinin çalışması olduğundan Boğaziçili hazırlık öğrencilerinin çokça fayda görebileceği dokümanlardır.Özellikle cümleler teker teker incelenerek çalışılırsa faydası daha fazla olacaktır.Kullanılan kelimeler de ezberlenmesi gereken kelimelerdendir.Aşağıda bazı örneklerini görebilirsiniz.Daha fazlası(Burada yer alanları da içeren) için 181 KB'lık dosyayı indirebilirsiniz.Başarılar... [Linkleri sadece kayıtlı üyelerimiz görebilir.ForumTR üyesi olmak için tıklayınız] ADVERTISING AFFECTS US Advertising is an extremely powerful form of mass media in today’s world. We are surrounded by it-on the television, on the radio, at the cinema, in newspapers and magazines and bill-boards in the streets. We are constantly bombarded with a vast array of images all telling us to buy, buy, buy! We wear, eat, drink, and smoke this or that product if we wish to be loved, accepted, admired, and respected, in short if we want to succeed in life. However, are we really so gullible as to believe what advertisers tell us? How can this form of propoganda change our perception of beauty, desirability, and goodness? The effects of advertising on our lives, in terms of beauty, fashion and success are really quite alarming. There is no doubt that advertising affects a society’s standards of beauty in a radical way. In the past, in the time of Ruebens for example, a woman was considered to be beautiful if she was soft and quite plump. However, in the developed world in the early 2000’s the ideal of feminine beauty is young, slim and fit, preferably perfect skin, hair, and teeth. Why has our perception changed? In the past, plumpness or fatness was a sign of material wealth; the person had enough money to eat well. However, nowadays, we take for granted that we have enough food. For us, a sign of success is having enough money to think about what we eat and to keep fit and healthy. Everywhere we see pictures of slim, fit young women and ordinary women are forced to believe that they should look like these ladies. Of course, the majority of women do not and this is why advertising of beauty care products is so successful. Advertisers inform us that they have exactly the right product to help us reach the peak of perfection to which we aspire, be it shampoo, face cream or wrinkle-removing cream. The lengths to which a person will go, in terms of financial loss and psychological suffering, seem almost irrational. It is an unfortunate fact that most of us are affected by such advertising tactis and, in fact, either believe the propoganda or are persuaded to try out the product at least once. Therefore, we end up buying a lot of products we really don’t need. The same is true for people’s search for happiness. People have always wanted to be successful in education, in their job or within the family. Success is, of course, a personal thing, and can be measured in many ways. However, in our society, a successful person is one who has achieved a respected position in his community and has enough money to live a happy and fulfulling life. For example, a student is under pressure to do well at school or university so as to please his family and to get a good job. A parent wants to provide the best opportunities for his children and strives to give love, discipline and physical requirements in the correct proportions. Everywhere in advertising we see images of a good mother who uses a certain powder. Therefore, she looks after her family well. Similarly, we see a father who provides a beautiful home or car for his family. Since people are generally quite insecure about their own capabilities, they are easy to influence through advertising. The images of ‘good’ parents or ‘a good father’ play on people’s insecure feelings and indirectly make them buy certain products so that they can be like the people in the advertisements. Advertising is, then, powerful since it affects us in ways that are not easy to recognise. We do not really know how it influences us. Everyone wishes to be beautiful, handsome and successful and advertising tells us that we can be. Advertising creates a need and then supplies the solution, the answer to our problems. If we can understand a little about how advertising works and why it affects us, we may be able to limit its influence on us. However, it seems that nowadays we actually help advertisers by using products such as jeans, sports shoes or handbags with prominently displayed designer labels like Levi, Adidas, and Samonsite. We believe we are creating an impression of success, fitness or fashion when in fact we are paying to advertise these products. Advertisers are certainly very intelligent! _________________________________________ THE WAY AMERICANS AND SAUDI ARABIANS RAISE CHILDREN There are many differences between the way American parents raise their children and the way parents bring up their children in Saudi Arabia. In the U.S., children are raised to be responsible for themselves and to be independent from their parents, and the parents have equal responsibilities. They spend approximately the same amount of time with children. Both parents teach the children manners, both help the children with their homework, and both teach the children how to be successful in life. each parent plays games with the children, and each parents punishes the children; both have equal authority over the children.One goal of U.S. parents seems to be to make their children responsible for themselves; to achieve this objective, both parents usually work outside the home, and they leave the children with a babysitter. Soon the children learn to be responsible; they choose their own clothes, feed themselves when they are hungry, and go to sleep when they are tired. Consequently, a distance develops between the parents and the children, and everyone in the family begins to lead separate lives. Another goal of U.S. parents is to make their children independent. In order to do this, parents encourage even their very young children to work outside the home. Sometimes seven-year-old children earn money by delivering newspapers or shoveling snow. By the time the children are in high school, most of them are working many hours every week. They are making a lot of money, and soon they are financially independent. Therefore, they make many of their own decisions; they buy their own clothes and cars, they choose all of their friends, and they decide when to come home at night. Before very long, while these students are still young, they leave their homes and begin to live independently. For many U.S. parents, this is a sign of successful child raising, a responsible, independent adult. In contrast, in my country, Saudi Arabia, parents treat their children as dependents, and each parent has separate responsibilities. The father, for example, has the responsibility for the complete financial support of his family. He works outside the home, and he buys his family, including his children, whatever they need. Another responsibility for his children includes making all major decisions for them; the children must bring their problems to him, and they must respect his decision. The father is also responsible for communicating his experiences to his sons to prepare them for life; he teaches them not to miss opportunities, how to be successful, and how to be happy. The mother’s primary responsibility, on the other hand, is to care for the everyday needs of her children: cleaning the house, cooking, and the keeping the children and their clothes clean. She stays home all the time, ans she showers her children with love and guidance. She teaches them to behave correctly, and she shows them how to become good,, kind, and generous people. Finally, she teaches her daughters what they need to learn for a good life: how to cook and sew, and how to be good wives and mothers. For Saudi Arabian parents, having their children depends on them for everything is the way to control and to protect the children. the parents choose their children’s clothes, decide which friends are the best for them, select the best schools, and even decide whom their children should marry. Only when the children are old enough to make their own decisions do the parents allow them to do so. There are two separate results of these differences in child raising: American children, who become adults in childhood, often behave like children when they are adults, but Saudi Arabian children, who have passed through all the stages of childhood, are ready to behave like adults when they reach maturity. _________________________________________ AN INDISPENSABLE FRIENDSHIP People have always tried to find something or someone to trust in life. Everyone needs a good friend to feel some kind of security and companionship. For example, many of us like to go out for dinner on weekend nights with a friend who wants to hear about how we feel and what our plans are. Nowadays, it is not easy to find good and loyal friends because there are many kinds people with different thoughts, feelings, and even intellect. Despite these differences, friendship can be classified into three categories: superficial, selfish, and real. Even though true friendship is to give and not to expect anything back, not all frienships are based on this principle. A superficial friendship is one that makes us fall into materialistic behaviour against our better judgement. When I was in junior high school at the age of twelve, I had some girlfriends who used to tell me that I was quite conservative and that I would have to dress like them if I wanted to continue being part of their group and to keep our friendship. I thought, ‘ I don’t want to be lonely.’ And suddenly I turned into a very different person who changed her own way of being and thinking. Conversations between my girlfriends and me were usually about new fashions, jewelry, singers, and so on-mainly not very important things. I felt uncomfortable pretending to be somebody that I wasn’t. This kind of relationship is not very deep or sentimental and never lasts for a long time precisely because it is superficial. Another category of friend is the selfish friend. An example of a selfish friendship is one with a friend that tries to take advantage of you. The selfish friend starts out seeming very interested in in what you have to say and trying to make you feel like an important person in his life. After this friend gets enough confidence, he will begin to ask you for some help or will unload his problems on you and expect you to solve them for him. This relationship makes you feel obligated to your friend and not free to make friends with others. The main reason why these relationships occur is that we sometimes need someone to depend on and are deceived by the selfish friend’s initial interest in us. The problem is that selfish people may not be able to show sincere feelings of friendship to others. My personal opinion is that if we have given our friendship sincerely, even to a selfish friend, there is nothing to regret. When there is a real friendship, you are always willing to share all kinds of sadness and joy with your friend. You can trust a real friend completely and feel free to be just the way you are without pretending. Real friendship gives a satisfaction that money cannot buy and makes you feel very important to someone you respect and love. Actually, it is as important as the love of family. In a real friendship, you find endless loyalty, confidence, and security any time you need support or even protection. In addition, real friendship places no limits on friends helping each other to reach all their goals and desires. In conclusion, these days, the need for the security and understanding of a good friend is essential for everybody. Even though we may have have many kinds of friends in our life, once we find a real one, it allows us to give the best of ourselves to make our friends feel good. I am sure that this is the only kind of friendship that will be everlasting. _________________________________________ ‘Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being your own boss.’ Have you ever considered becoming your own boss? In recent years the number of people choosing to start their own business has risen significantly. Many claim that this is because more and more people are no longer content to work for someone else. One of the main advantages of being self-employed is the fact that you are completely self-reliant and can make decisions on your own. This can give you a great sense of freedom and allows you to do exactly what you want without interference from anyone else. You can do what you want and nobody can tell you off because of your lateness or some other reasons. Nobody interferes with you and your work. What is more, your working day can be planned for your convenience, allowing you to work when you want rather than when you have to. For example, you do not have to get up early to go to work. As it is your own work, you are free to go whenever you want. Moreover, You can choose how much you want to work. If you like, you can come earlier or you can work at the weekend. Finally, if your business is successful, people will know that you alone should be given the credit. There is a good reason for you to feel proud because you have reached success on your own. However, there are disadvantages of being your own boss. Many self-employed people have said that to build a successful business, you have to be prepared to work long hours and sacrifice your personal life. As B.C. Forbes once said, ‘ If you don’t drive your business, you will be driven out of business.’ Moreover, a 1996 government study found that a quarter of the businesses run by newly self-employed people failed within the first years. All things considered, it seems to me that self-employment can be a very gratifying experience even though it has some difficulties. However, when success is achieved, the greatest reward of all is the knowledge that you have done it on your own. _________________________________________ ‘Censorship is necessary in modern world.’ Discuss. Censorship is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate, with supporters maintaining that it is vital in order to protect society, whilst opponents claim that it is an unjustifiable restriciton of public access to information. Firstly, all countries have secrets which must be safeguarded for reasons of national security. For instance, if an enemy country were to acquire such highly sensitive information, the effects could be catastrophic. Consequently, goverments have to have the power to restrict access to information concerning areas such as the armed forces or particular aspects of foreign policy. Secondly, it is often argued that censorship is necessary to prevent the broadcast and publication of obscene material which is considered offensive or harmful to public morals. Many people feel that, without censorship the public would be constantly subjected to material that the majority would find offensive. For this reason, the government has duty to impose certain restrictions on the mass media by censoring films and texts which contain explicit scenes of sex, violence or foul language. In contrast, opponents point out that when it is abused by governments, censorship becomes an instrument used to misinform society and maintain power. In order to control the flow of information which reaches the public, repressive regimes try to put constraints on the mass media, thus denying citizens the right to information owing to the fact that governments believe it may lead them to seek greater freedom. Furthermore, it is generally felt that mature adults are able to make informed choices about what they watch, read and listen to and should, therefore, be permitted to make their own decisions. For example, some comedians make use of offensive language and taboo subjects in their performances. Critics of censorship argue that the only people who have made a conscious decision to do so. Thus, it is claimed, it is unjust to censor the material like this since it is not upon people who may subsequently be offended by it. All things considered, it can be concluded that a certain degree of censorship is always necessary. The best course of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the requirements of the country and the public on the one hand, and individuals’ rights on the other. _________________________________________ Topic: Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. There are many advantages and disadvantages to offering employees job security for life. In Japan, for example, prospective employees know that their employers will provide them with job security for their entire working days and they are better able to plan for their future and family. However, many businesses are now realising that their employees have less motivation to work and this leads to fewer profits for the company. I will describe the advantages and disadvantages of this system in this essay and I will show that ultimately “jobs for life” is not good for a society. Job security is very important for both the employee and the employer. For the employee, job security is important because she can depend on her source of income and better plan her future accordingly. For the employer, the employee represents an investment because of the number of hours of training required and the company will continue to have a return on this investment. As we all know, feeling secure about where our future income will come from is very important for our well-being—anybody who has lost a job and has had trouble finding a new one knows that this transition period can cause a lot of anxiety. However, job security tends to lead to decreased productivity. In general, employees who are certain that they can never lose their jobs tend to work less efficiently, thereby contributing to an overall reduction of productivity in the company. A common example all over the world is that of civil servants. In Thailand, for example, many government workers are so indolent that it can take days or months for something to be finished that should only take a few days. It is not uncommon to walk into a government office and see employees filing their nails, making personal calls on the telephone, taking three-hour lunches, or surfing on the Internet for fun. Finally, the model of capitalism is proving to be the most efficient model that we have right now. This model of job security completely contradicts with the foundations of capitalism. We can see in the United States now that people are starting to change jobs, even careers more and more often. Some career consultants even recommend that employees find new jobs every three to five years. Even in countries that still offer job security for life, this model is showing signs of dying out. For example, in Japan, once famous for its lifelong jobs, both employees and employers are starting to expect that these jobs will not last a lifetime. Many of my Japanese friends travel back and forth between the United States and Japan and have been able to find temporary professional jobs while they are in Japan. In short, I disagree that companies should offer their employees jobs for life. We can see this example in some parts of the world and in other areas in the United States, but these examples are generally regarded as outmoded ways of conducting business. Finally, the models of capitalism, even though it may seem cruel, the so-called “law of the jungle,” are proving to be the most effective way to raise the standard of living of a country. _________________________________________ CAUSES OF TEENAGE SMOKING A thirteen-year-old boy, standing in the doorway of his school, puffs on a cigarette. He holds it carelessly, like an adult, yet in plain view. He looks around to amke sure that the other guys are watching. If you ask how long he has smoked, you will find out that he started when he was eleven. By now, he is an addicted smoker. If you ask him why he smokes, he will probably say that he enjoys it. However, you wonder if that is really the reason. It seems that the causes of teenage smoking are more complex. More specifically, they have more to do with the ambiguous role of teenagers in society. Teenage smoking is caused by personal insecurity, a desire to be like adults, and peer pressure. The major cause of teenage smoking is the personal insecurity young people often feel. They are at a difficult age. They are no longer children, so the ways in which they behaved in the past are inappropriate. On the other hand, they are not adults yet. As a result, they do not know the ways of the adult world. This conflict may result in feelings of insecurity. For example, if children want attention from their parents or a toy, they can cry to draw attention to their desires. On the other hand, for teenagers, crying will be labelled childish and they may be told to ‘act their age.’ Often, however, the teenager does not know how to act his/her age. Since they do not know what to do, they often turn to smoking as a way to hider their nervousness and insecurities. Secondly, as we have just seen, teenagers need to learn how to behave like adults. They undoubtedly realize this and spend time emulating adults. They imitate adults and their behaviour. Consequently, they try to adopt more adult-like attitudes and manners. They pay attention to their dress and the opposite sex. One thing that young teenagers perceive as ‘very adult’ is cigarette smoking. Boys think of their fathers as men and because they want to be ‘men’ like their fathers, they start to smoke. Thus, they begin a habit which most adults know is unhealthy. Most children see their parents mostly their fathers smoking while they are very young. They tend to misinterpret that smoking is a symbol of the adult world. In order to be like adults, they need to smoke. After they start smoking, they may think that they have joined the adult world, and they are not children any more. Finally, while it is true that teenagers are attempting to become adults, this effort is not fully conscious. In fact, they often see theri friends close to them, so they tend to integrate into friendship groups. They tend to see their parents and teachers as enemies. Consequently, they tend to turn to their peer group for support. We are all familiar with teenagers who want to look and act exactly all the teenagers in their peer group. This peer group can exert so much pressure that teenagers end up doing things in the group that they normally would not do. One of these things is smoking. Imagine a group of guys playing pool together after school. One says to the others, ‘ I am going to buy a pack of cigarettes. Do you want to smoke one with me?’ The peer pressure here is so great that most normal boys will succumb. Who you are depends on whom you are with. This saying shows the inevitable impact of peer pressure. To sum up, teenagers start smoking due to several factors, three of which stand out. First, they feel insecure because they are in a transition period: from childhood and adulthood. In additon, most teenagers have a strong desire to be like adults, which means that children are inclined to start smoking to emulate adults. Finally, peers incite each other to start smoking. _________________________________________ CHILDCARE Recent changes in federal government priorities have seen a reduction in financial support for parents who use childcare. This is occurring at a time when there is increasing social and financial pressures on parents, especially mothers, to work. The issue of childcare and working mothers has been the subject of dispute for some time. Many people argue that the best place for children is always in their own homes with their own parents. However, it is my contention that there are many advantages to be had from using childcare and the government should provide more financial assistance to parents who do so. It has been argued that children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out on important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. These children, so this argument goes, may be educationally disadvantaged later in life. However, childcare centers may actually assist children in their early learning. They give children an opportunity to mix with other children and to develop social skills at early age. Indeed, a whole range of learning occurs in childcare centers. Another argument against the use of childcare facilities is that children can be emotionally deprived in these facilities compared to home. This argument assumes that the best place for children is to be at their parents’; especially mothers’ side for twenty-four hours a day. It claims that children’s emotional development can be damaged when they are left in childcare facilities. However, children become less dependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and more effective care-givers when there are periods of separation. In fact, recent studies indicate that the parent-child relationship can be improved by the use of high-quality childcare facilities. It could further be asserted that the government and the economy as a whole cannor afford the enormous cost involved in supporting childcare for working parents. However, working parents actually contribute to the national economy. They are able to utilize their productive skills and pay income tax, while non-working parents can be a drain on the tax system through dependent spouse and other rebates. In conclusion, government support for childcare services assist individual families and is important for the economic well-being of the whole nation. Find the main premise and underline it. Paragraphs 2,3 and 4 all cover different topics related to the issue of childcare. Describe the topic of each paragraph in four words or less and write it in the margin next to the paragraph. Paragraphs 2,3 and 4 don’t just contain arguments that support the main premise. They also contain arguments that oppose the main premise. It is important to include opposing arguments to show your reader that you have considered both sides of the arguments; and you are able to anticipate and criticise any opposing arguments before they are even stated. Draw circle around the opposing arguments in paragraphs 2,3 and 4. It is important that the reader knows that when you write opposing arguments, you do not agree with them. You have to make it clear that you are presenting these arguments only to show that you understand the issue from both sides, that you have anticipated the opposing arguments and wish to criticise them. In order to signal this, you need to use special phrases to problematise the opposing arguments. ( To problematise something means you make it seem like a problem, to make it seem untrue.) We can problematise arguments by making them appear debatable opinions and not facts. A common way to do this is to explicitly mark the statement as an argument. Example 1: It has been argued that children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out on important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. By building the phrase’It has been argued that’ in the above statement the writer is problematising the statement here: children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out on important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. Find the other problematising phrases in paragraphs 2,3 and 4 of the text. 5. Shifting from opposing arguments to supporting arguments: You can also signal the difference between the opposing and supporting arguments by clearly marking the point in each paragraph where you shift from one to the other. You can use contrasting connectives like however to mark this point. Example: It could be argued that computers create unemployment. However, computers actually create many forms of employment that never existed before. _________________________________________ ‘Vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law’ When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it's amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don't the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long ago; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bear-baiting. It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit' is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence. Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much; You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings or any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings. _________________________________________ DEMOCRASY In democratic countries politics is an indispensable factor which enables politicians to be voted by community. They should affect public opinion to be able to be in power. However, this necessity for democracy has corrupted gradually in recent years. There are some reasons for this corruption. Longing for leadership, greed for wealth, interference of outsiders and some mistakes in election systems are some of the reasons. Some people are born for leadership. These willing people become politicians when they reach the age to choose their occupations. There is nothing in the world as wonderful as power and leadership in the view of them. They usually deviate from their aims when they are not able to come to power in several elections. Then, they are like monsters that strive to do everything they can against their political rivals.Therefore, they lose their desires for power and convert politics into a fighting area. Money is another important cause of political corruption. People want more when they have one part of money. Likewise, deputies who gain a lot of revenue become greedy for more wealth. This greed forces them to compete with each other to be one of thy richest people in the country ; so damage is on their policy. Big fish swallows the smaller one. There are some countries which determine the equilibrium of the world.These countries are in contact with the politicians of other countries.Deputies or politicians in weaker countries have to obey those of more powerful ones. This obligation causes them to diverge from some policies. As a result, they are liars and valueless before the nation; so there is nothing that makes them virtuous and dependent on their promises for the development of country. Finally, election systems are mistaken in some cases.Political parties choose some representatives for the parliament and present them the opinion of public and community vote these candidates without knowing their characteristics. They rely on the party which is useful for them not nominees who are determined by the party. What is more, these people may deserve these rights by bribery to the political area these people are most efficient ones to decay purposes of politics. In summary, the corruption in politics can be ascribed to desire for leadership, greed for affluence, interruption of foreign strong countries and wrong methods in election systems. Politics decomposes unless these barriers are overcome. It is time for us to be more aware and sensitive about politics. Politicians are our representatives and when they make some mistakes in their policy, this means that we are wrong as much as them. _________________________________________ -Boşluk Doldurma- It is difficult for the young of developing countries to be as independent as those in developed countries. There are some differences between developed ....... underdeveloped countries.We can see one of these remarkable differences in .... way the young are treated in society. The young in developing countries find it difficult ..... behave as independently ....... those in developed nations. Traditions,child-rearing practices, and educational systems can account ......... this situation. The first reason ..... strict rules stemming from traditions. The young in developing and underdeveloped nations cannot ........ independent enough ......... of rigid social rules. It is obvious that underdeveloped countries are mostly traditional cultures. In ........ societies people focus ...... obedience and high social control mechanism. Therefore, the individual is expected ..... behave as the society wants. For example, in Iran, which ....... highly a traditional culture, the young ...... not allowed to behave independently. ..... the contrary, they are supposed to ...... submissive and obedient. The society restricts their creativity and independence. On the ...... hand, in America, which is highly an developed country, the young are ................ to be creative and autonomous. In short, in traditional societies strict social norms deter the young .......... being independent. The second point is ....... the young in developing nations cannot be independent ........... to child-rearing practices. The way parents bring ...... children mostly affects their personality development. If parents put a lot of pressure ...... their children, it is inevitable that the children will ..... be self-confident, creative and productive. As they are ................ by their families, they are unable ...... develop their potentialities. For example, the young in traditional cultures cannot ........... decision individually and independently. Therefore, they need others to help them decide. Children’s ideas are not taken ..... account. Parents in underdeveloped nations are strict ....... bringing up children. Too ............ strictness prevents the young ....... developing their own personalities to be independent. The third and final factor is educational systems. There are huge differences .............. developing and underdeveloped countries ……… educational standards. To be more precise, memorization, uniformity, and obedience are ........ priority in poor nations. Students are expected ....... memorize a lot of rules, ............. they are not ......... to apply them to real life situations. They are bombarded ........ too much information within short period of time.Therefore, they cannot develop their high mental processes, ......... as application,analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Moreover, students are supposed to do what authorities want. For example, they ....... to wear uniform, stand up when teachers come in. They are not permitted to question their teachers. On the contrary, they are required to look ....... to them. In underdeveloped countries there are strict regulations at schools. Uniformity and conformity are highly valued above everything else. How can we expect the young under these circumstances ........ be independent? In conclusion, underdeveloped and developing countries depend ......... strict traditional rules. Parents in such nations .............. up children strictly. What ...... more, education does not aim at educating creative individuals. On the ..............., it limits them to a great extent. Because of all these reasons, the young cannot ............. as independently as those in developing countries. Mesajı son düzenleyen kanter* ( 15-12-07 - 03:27 ).*

15-12-07, 03:10	#2 (permalink)
kanter Uçarsan Aşarsın Giriş Tarihi: 24-08-2007 Yer: Düşler Ülkesi Mesajlar: 6,383 Blog Mesajları: 21 Rep Puanı: 59665664 Rep Gücü: 596735	C: İngilizce Denemeler(essays),Bağlaçlar ile ilgili çalışmalar,boşluk doldurmalar Topic: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer It is our parents who are the first people that make us do so many things we do not like. The list of all unpleasant chores is lengthy, including doing homework, helping with the housework, brushing teeth, getting up early - I think everyone has her own specific list. However, when a child grows up, she understands that there were reasons for parents to demand all these things: doing homework helped to study well and get into college, brushing one's teeth prevented tooth decay, and helping about the house developed useful skills and prepared for grown-up life. Most things that are unpleasant now usually promise greater rewards in the future. Studying instead of going to the cinema eventually leads to a better, more interesting and rewarding job; regular exercise brings fitness, health and a long life; eating low-cholesterol food inhibits some diseases; pregnancy brings a happiness of motherhood, and paying taxes brings social protection. Doing things one does not like to do is similar to physical exercise; only it trains character, not leg muscles. Overcoming one's own laziness requires determination, giving up bad habits requires strong will, mastering new skills also develops intellectual flexibility, and admitting mistakes takes courage. These important personal qualities develop little by little and mostly by doing things one does not like, but has to do. Sometimes doing something you don’t like is important in enjoying life. A person gets used to both good and bad, so with time, pleasure loses its intensity and turns into habit. Contrast refreshes feelings and returns pleasure. Doing unpleasant things makes nice things seem even nicer. Hard work makes rest desired; house chores make evening out a genuine party, a year at the office makes vacation a real holiday. It is important to keep balance in doing things one does like. Sometimes a person gets so involved in doing unpleasant things in the pursuit of some distant goals that he loses the very talent for enjoying life. Being with family, travelling to some distant exotic places, and having a child are put off until it is too late. One needs to stop in the everyday rat race, just to look at and admire the world around him, to share several words or thoughts or jokes with his closest people, to make something with his own hands. In short, one certainly needs to do things he does not like to do, but he still should not forget about life pleasures. _________________________________________ PEOPLE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH In the twentieth century, many technological and medical developments have take place. Nevertheless, there are still some fatal diseases for which there is no remedy. Nowadays, this situation has given rise to a debate as to whether the lives of fatally ill people should be ended. In this regard, some people allege that killing such people will reduce the financial burden on their families, the hospitals, and the governments. On the other hand, religious and ethical principles in no way authorize such an action. Moreover, scientists have conducted numerous researches and experiments to find remedies for these deadly illnesses. It is more likely that the results these researches will be positive. Some people assert that fatally ill people should be killed. According to them, this situation will wipe out the financial burden on their families, hospitals, and governments. From the economic perspective, this approach may seem to be tue. However, there is another dimension to this argument which those people do not consider, that the value of life can be measured by no means. Furthermore, no one can assure that all people with fatal illnesses will die. So far many examples of this type in which patients did not die have been observed. In almost all societies killing is not appropriate from religious and ethical standpoints. According to religious and ethical principles, life is sacred and taking one’s life is unethical and unjust. That is why killing even a fatally ill person is a faulty act. In a country where the majority of its citizens are conservative and religious, putting euthanisia into application is practically impossible. Another argument against killing fatally ill people is provided by the fact that scientists are constantly looking for remedies for deadly diseases and every year they discover new medical methods. For instance, several decades ago, there was no remedy for cancer. Yet, thanks to the invaluable efforts of scientists, most of the people with the disease of cancer can be cured. As a consequence, there are two fundamental approaches to the discussion as to whether people with fatal illnesses should be killed or not. One of these approaches is that those people pose a financial burden to their families, hospitals, and governments. Therefore, they should be given the right to end their lives. On the other hand, this argument is so superficial that it does not take religious and ethical principles into consideration. What is more, in view of research and experiments carried out by sicentists, there is always a chance of survival for such people. _________________________________________ -Boşluk Doldurma- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING TOO MUCH MONEY Money ...... become a very important concept in our lives. Earning more money has become the only dream of many people. ................. having too much money has a lot of benefits, it has some drawbacks. As ....... the advantages of money, first of all, wealthy people ........... more likely to have status in society. ................. they earn or have more money, they have high socioeconomic status. In ............. words, they live in luxurious parts of the cities. For example, affluent individuals mostly live ...... Etiler, Levent, and Moda in İstanbul. Where you live may be an indicator ........ your wealth and income. What is more, rich people are mostly respected ......... low income groups because of their affluence. Secondly, money is very significant to make .......... of social services. If you do not have adequate money, you will not ........... able to obtain proper nutrition and medical care. In ..............., if you have sufficient money, you can go to private hospitals and ........ proper treatment.You can send your children to private schools and provide them ........... quality education by means ......... your money. What ..... more, you can go to America or England to maintain your education. On ....... other hand, people living in misery cannot benefit .......... medical supplies and educational opportunities properly because of their low income.Thirdly, having more money ............. more pleasure and entertainment. ........... holidays you can go to America or other countries for some time. In ......... way, you get to know many people from different countries and you can ............ your horizans. In brief, having enough money may .................. you to be powerful, take ............... of social services properly, and get pleasure from life. In ................... of the benefits, having excessive amount of money may include some disadvantages. In the ............. place, it may ................... your life because there will be a lot of enemies around you. Some people may ............... your child and want you to give ransom. In addition, you cannot go out .................. bodyguards in case you ........ attacked. In the ............... place, you may have no goals in life because you do not ............ to work hard to make ........ living. For example, you own a house, a car, and ............ a summer house. You can buy what you want and go ............. you want. In this way, there ............ nothing for to worry about financially. In the ................ place, when you have too much money, there will be a lot of people around you. You cannot be sure if such peope try to approach you just .................. of your wealth ............... due to their sincerity and friendliness. That is to say, you find it to have real friends. You may ................ suspicious of people around you. In short, having a lot money may lead to having enemies, having no exact aims, and not finding sincere friends. To sum up, having too much money has ............... only benefits but ...................... disadvantages. Nevertheless, more money seems .............. outweigh the disadvantages. One should try to enjoy his life with his wealth. _________________________________________ -Boşluk Doldurma- What are the reasons for terrorism? Fill in the blanks using appropriate transitions. TERRORISM Terrorism has become a very fashionable and up-to-date subject in our lives in recent years. Terrorist attacks have always existed .......... people appeared on the earth. Since terrorism has started to threaten people’s peaceful lives, it has been the focus of public interest and attention all over the world. There are various reasons for illegal acts ranging from ideological considerations to the disparity between the rich and the poor. The first important factor for terrorist acts is the spread of ideology. There is not any problem if your ideas are legal. However, some minorities and illegal groups strive to spread their ideas and they are naturally prevented by the police ............. their thoughts are destructive for national security. Since they are not allowed to express their opinions in legal ways, they resort to illegal ways such as terrorism. This serious threat holds true for almost all the countries in the world. ................ , Turkey has suffered from PKK for about 20 years. In many underdeveloped countries there are a lot of underrepresented religious and ethnic groups. They try to impose their views by using violence. They attempt to kill hundreds of innocent children and ordinary citizens who have nothing to do with the problem. Terrorists should keep in mind that violence breeds violence. It does not solve any problems. ................. , it makes them acute. The other equally striking reason is that there is a great distinction between rich and poor people in many societies in the world. ............. it is true to say that affluent people can eat and buy whatever they desire, some financially deprived people find it difficult even to buy a loaf of bread. This huge disparity is a potential threat for order and peace in society. It is obvious that the majority of people who are involved in terrorist attacks are mostly from low income groups. This can be clearly illustrated by the fact that in İstanbul the majority of terrorists live in Armutlu, which is a suburban area. These people live in ghettos and are financially incited to take part in criminal activities. ......................... , financially secure individuals may avoid getting involved in terrorism because they do not have financial concerns. Unemployment and poverty incite people to get in touch with terrorist groups. ............ the number of unemployed, homeless, and dissatisfied people rises, there are more terrorist movements. This is just ........... to the fact such people are mostly deceived and given financial support by illegal groups which aim to prove themselves and get what they want. To sum up, terrorism is a serious threat to national unity and world peace. Spread of ideology and the great differences between income groups are the two important serious causes of terrorism. Financially insecure and those who are not able to voice their ideas in legal ways are more inclined to terrorism even ....... there are exceptions. What is the thesis statement of the essay above? What are the subtopics? What is the function of the concluding paragraph? _________________________________________ -CONJUCTIONS(BAĞLAÇLAR)- REGARDLESS OF : IRRESPECTIVE OF Many parents expect their children to be more successful and better than others regardless of the needs and interests of their kids. Everybody should be able to make use of educational opportunities regardless of their race, language, gender, religion, and ethnic background. Regardless of what others say, do what you want. In this way, you can be happy. Many parents tend to put their children in front of TV sets regardless of the contents of what they watch. They only try to keep their children silent and busy. Some children want to be as independent as they desire regardless of social control mechanisms. IN CONTRAST In contrast to the old, the young are much more interested in information technologies. In contrast to men, women are more emotional. In contrast to educated people, uneducated individuals are not aware of public affairs. Thus, they are easily deceived by politicians. Shy students tend to avoid talking in front of their friends because of their inner sides. In contrast, active or extrovert ones can’t help making comments in the class. In this case, we cannot say that the latter are better than the former. There are different people having different personality traits. Unlike strict parents, authoritative parents balance love and discipline. Authoritarian mothers and fathers depend on strict rules and obedience. In contrast, authoritative ones consider that not only love but also order is necessary to bring up sophisticated children. IN SPITE OF : DESPITE The world is full of people who seem to be happy in spite of their financial worries. Some people tend to consume a lot of materials or services in spite of their limited budget. In spite of the considerable developments almost in every field of life in this century, there are some serious problems threatening our lives. In spite of the recent economic recession, many people have tried to survive. ALTHOUGH : EVEN THOUGH Alhough many people know that smoking is harmful to human body in many ways, they persist in smoking. It is amazing to see those who claim that smoking is dangereous, but they continue to smoke. _________________________________________ -Cümleleri anlam değişmeden farklı bir şekilde ifade etme çalışması- PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES 1. Failures in education result from using too many old materials and bombarding students with too much information in a short time. 3) Many people in underdeveloped countries do not have job opportunities. Therefore, they have a great tendency to emigrate to developed countries to make their living. 4) Not only ambition but also having a planned way of life is necessary to be successful in life in addition to graduating from a famous university. Although being a graduate of a prestigious university like Bosphorus University is very important, it is not enough to succeed in life. 5) Although technology has developed greatly and has provided us with numerous benefits, it is the main reason for many serious problems we face today like pollution and trafic jam. 6) Bosphorus University provides quality education through its quality materials and qualified staff. In addition, it has a wonderful view. 7) Learning English provides a lot of advantages. Firstly, if you know English, you are more likely to have a well-paid job. Secondly, knowing English has high prestige in society. That is to say, it is a symbol of status. It is obvious that some people learn English for social prestige. 8 ) Traditional and modern families are different from each other with regard to many respects. For example, traditional people focus on obedience and cooperative behaviour, but people who accept a modern way of life stress the importance of creativity and individuality. We can conclude that traditional way of life and modernism differ in child rearing practices. 9 ) There is a close relationship between learning and motivation. Namely, if you have high motivation, you are more likely to learn what you study. 10) In those societies where conformity and obedience are stressed, children are likely to be inward. Since parents do not let them express themselves, they cannot communicate with others when they grow up and are on their own. Furthermore, such children cannot decide individually and independently. 13 ) Do not ask what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country. John Kennedy 14 ) What makes us different from other living organisms is that we are gregarious and need to be in the company of others. 15 ) Cem deviates from social norms. That is to say, he does not behave appropriately in the society. Therefore, he is often punished. 16)Many parents expect their children to be more successful and better than others regardless of the needs and interests of their kids. 17)Everybody should be able to make use of educational opportunities regardless of their race, language, gender, religion, and ethnic background. 18)Many parents tend to put their children in front of TV sets regardless of the contents of what they watch. They only try to keep their children silent and busy. In contrast to the old, the young are much more interested in information technologies. In contrast to educated people, uneducated individuals are not aware of public affairs. Thus, they are easily deceived by politicians. Shy students tend to avoid talking in front of their friends because of their inner sides. In contrast, active or extrovert ones can’t help making comments in the class. In this case, we cannot say that the latter are better than the former. There are different people having different personality traits. Unlike strict parents, authoritative parents balance love and discipline. Authoritarian mothers and fathers depend on strict rules and obedience. In contrast, authoritative ones consider that not only love but also order is necessary to bring up sophisticated children. Some people tend to consume a lot of materials or services in spite of their limited budget. In spite of the considerable developments almost in every field of life in this century, there are some serious problems threatening our lives.. _________________________________________ -Cümledeki bağlaçların altını çizin ve görevlerini yazın.- Underline the transitions in the following sentences and write their functions. It is amazing that some students tend not to study their lessons, yet they succeed in passing their exams. Many people have a tendency to save money, for they fear that they will not be able to work and earn enough money in the following years. There are inadequate research opportunities in underdeveloped countries, so many bright students have a tendency to immigrate to developed countries for their education. Once you have promised to do something, you should not break your promise. People can lead good lives as long as they imagine. Do you agree? While some people know only their native language, others can speak a few languages. Some people are ambitious and are ready to do everything necessary to reach their goals, while others do not care about their lives. They just seek temporary pleasure. The young in developed countries are encouraged to be creative and assertive, whereas those in underdeveloped countries are supposed to be meek and obedient. Therefore, it is really difficult for the young in poor nations to behave as independently as those in wealthy nations. The wife was affluent,so she could buy whatever she desired,whereas the husband was broke. He had to obey his wife because he was not financially independent. Even though some individuals know smoking is harmful to human health, they persist in smoking. In this case, we can state that what they do is contrary to what they know or believe. Once he has made up his mind to do something, he never changes his decision. Technology has led to many problems in our lives. Nevertheless, we should learn to take advantage of it. People are different from animals in that they have the ability to think. Students differ in their level of motivation and attitudes towards school. We can attribute brain drain to lack of research opportunities in underveloped countries. Failures in our education can be attributed to a variety of social, economic, and psychological problems. As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely better than a bicycle. However, with respect to convenience, it is difficult to say the same. As far as the effect of tourism on economy is concerned, it is a good source of income. Barış and Lale are both my close friends. Barış is a doctor. As for Lale, she is a nurse. I do not object to you. On the contrary, I support you. Spain is not in Asia. On the contrary, it is in Europe. Everybody should be equal irrespective of race, language, and religion. I take after my father in that I am dark. Unlike Emre, Erkan is stubborn. In contrast to women, men are more rational and aggressive. You should study hard so that you can pass the test. Elephants are vegetarian. In other words, they do not eat meat. Television informs us. What is more, it entertains us. There are a lot of unemployed people in rural areas. Therefore, such people have a tendency to move into big cities to make their living.

Konu Araçları
Çıktı Görüntüsünü Göster Sayfayı E-posta İle Yolla