İngilizce Dil Bilgisi

Mr.SaW · 27-08-07, 16:07

How to Use Adjectives

An adjective describes how something 'is'. For this reason, we usually use the verb 'to be' when using adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe nouns.

Example: He is a good doctor. Rule: Adjectives describe nouns. The adjective is always invariable.

Example: beautiful trees, they are happy

Be careful!

* Adjectives don't have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, femine and neuter form.
* Adjectives are always the same! Never add a final -s to an adjective.
* Adjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence if they describe the subject of a sentence. Example: My doctor is excellent.

NOT!!: difficults books

Rule: Adjectives are placed before the noun.

Example: a wonderful book very interesting people

Be careful!

* Don't place an adjective after the noun

NOT!!: an apple red

Adjective Placement

When using more than one adjective to describe a noun place the adjectives in the following order before the noun.

NOTE: We usually use no more than three adjectives preceding a noun.

1. Opinion

Example: an interesting book, a boring lecture
2. Dimension

Example: a big apple, a thin wallet
3. Age

Example: a new car, a modern building, an ancient ruin
4. Shape

Example: a square box, an oval mask, a round ball
5. Color

Example: a pink hat, a blue book, a black coat
6. Origin

Example: some Italian shoes, a Canadian town, an American car
7. Material

Example: a wooden box, a woolen sweater, a plastic toy

Here are some examples of nouns modified with three adjectives in the correct order based on the list above. Notice that the adjectives are not separated by commas.

* A wonderful old Italian clock. (opinion - age - origin)
* A big square blue box. (dimension - shape - color)
* A disgusting pink plastic ornament. (opinion - color - material)
* Some slim new French trousers. (dimension - age - origin)

Mr.SaW · 27-08-07, 16:07

Using Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs. They tell you How something is done.

Example: How does he she sing? - She sings beautifully.

Rule: Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective

Example: beautiful - beautifully, careful - carefully

Be Careful!

* Some adjectives don't change in the adverb form. The most important of these are: fast - fast, hard - hard
* Good is probably the most important exception. The adverb form of 'good' is 'well'. Unfortunately, this is a common mistake that many Americans make!

NOT!!: He plays tennis good.

Rule: Adverbs can also modify an adjective. In this case, the adverb is placed before the adjective.

Example: She is extremely happy. They are absolutely sure.

Be Careful!

* Do not use 'very' with adjectives that express an increased quality of a basic adjective Example: good - fantastic

NOT!!: She is a very beautiful woman.

Rule: Adverbs of frequency (always, never, sometimes, often, etc.) usually come before the main verb

Example: He is often late for class. Do you always eat in a restaurant? They don't usually travel on Fridays.

Be Careful!

* Adverbs of frequency expressing infrequency are not usually used in the negative or question form. NOT!!: Does she rarely eat fish? They don't seldom go to the cinema.
* Adverbs of frequency are often placed at the beginning of a sentence. Example: Sometimes, he likes to go to museums.
* Adverbs of frequency follow - come after - the verb 'to be'. Example: He is sometimes late for work.
__________________

Adverbs are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb:

[1] Mary sings beautifully
[2] David is extremely clever
[3] This car goes incredibly fast

In [1], the adverb beautifully tells us how Mary sings. In [2], extremely tells us the degree to which David is clever. Finally, in [3], the adverb incredibly tells us how fast the car goes.

Before discussing the meaning of adverbs, however, we will identify some of their formal characteristics.

Formal Characteristics of Adverbs

From the examples above, you can see that many adverbs end in -ly. More precisely, they are formed by adding -ly to an adjective:

Adjective slow quick soft sudden gradual
Adverb slowly quickly softly suddenly gradually

Because of their distinctive endings, these adverbs are known as -LY ADVERBS. However, by no means all adverbs end in -ly. Note also that some adjectives also end in -ly, including costly, deadly, friendly, kindly, likely, lively, manly, and timely.

Like adjectives, many adverbs are GRADABLE, that is, we can modify them using very or extremely:

softly========very softly
suddenly======very suddenly
slowly========extremely slowly

The modifying words very and extremely are themselves adverbs. They are called DEGREE ADVERBS because they specify the degree to which an adjective or another adverb applies. Degree adverbs include almost, barely, entirely, highly, quite, slightly, totally, and utterly. Degree adverbs are not gradable (*extremely very).

Like adjectives, too, some adverbs can take COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE forms, with -er and -est:

John works hard -- Mary works harder -- I work hardest

However, the majority of adverbs do not take these endings. Instead, they form the comparative using more and the superlative using most:

Mr.SaW · 27-08-07, 16:08

Know your Auxiliary Verbs!

Auxiliary verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of a sentence. Here are a few examples of auxiliary verbs:

Tom has lived in Boston for twenty years.
They didn't come to the party last night.
I was cooking dinner when you telephoned.
What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?

Knowing correct auxiliary verb usage is key to tense usage. Every tense takes an auxiliary form of the verb. There are three exceptions to this rule:

1. Simple present positive: She works at a bank.
2. Simple past positive: He bought a new TV last week.
3. Positive imperative statements: Hurry up!

There are also a number of short forms that take ONLY the auxiliary form of the verb:

* Yes / No answer short forms:

Do you live in England? - No, I don't.
Has she been to Paris? - Yes, she has.

* Question tags:

They enjoy learning English, don't they?
He won't agree with me, will he?

* Positive agreement / inclusion:

I went to the beach last weekend.
* - So did I.
I'm working very hard at the moment. - So is she.
* Negative agreement / inclusion:

They haven't worked here long. - Neither have I.
We won't be able to come next week. - Neither will I.

Here is a quick overview of auxiliary verb usage:

DO / DOES

Used simple present question and negative forms:

What time does he get up?
They don't drive to work. They take the bus.

DID

Used in simple past question and negative forms:

When did they arrive yesterday?
He didn't finish his homework last week.

IS / ARE / AM

Used in present continuous and for the future with 'going to':

They are working hard at the moment.
She is going to study medicine at university.

WAS / WERE

Past continuous:

I was watching TV when you arrived.
What were they doing while you were cooking dinner?

HAVE / HAS

Present perfect and present perfect continuous:

How long have you lived here?
I've been working since seven this morning.

HAD

Past perfect and past perfect continuous:

He had eaten by the time I arrived.
She had been studying for two hours when he finally telephoned.

WILL / WON'T

Future with 'will':

What will the weather be like tomorrow?
He won't understand.

Mr.SaW · 27-08-07, 16:08

Basic English Punctuation Rules

This guide provides instruction on the basic rules of using a period, comma, colon, semicolon, question mark and exclamation point. Each type of punctuation is followed by an explanation and example sentences for reference purposes.

Period

Use a period to end a complete sentence. A sentence is a group of words containing a subject and predicate. In British English a period is called a 'full stop'.

Examples:

He went to Detroit last week.
They are going to visit.

Comma

There are a number of different uses for a common in English. Commas are used to:

* Separate a list of items. This is one of the most common uses of a comma. Notice that a comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes before the final element of a list.

Examples:

I like reading, listening to music, taking long walks, and visiting with my friends.
They would like books, magazines, DVDs, video cassettes, and other learning materials for their library.

* Separate phrases (clauses).

* This is especially true after a beginning dependent clause or a long prepositional phrase.

Examples:

In order to qualify for your certificate, you will need to take the TOEFL exam.
Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.

* Separate two independent clauses that are connected by a conjunction such as 'but'.

Examples:

They wanted to purchase a new car, but their financial situation would not allow it.
I'd really enjoy seeing a film this evening, and I'd like to go out for a drink.

* Introduce a direct quote (as opposed to indirect speech i.e. He said he wanted to come ...).

Examples:

The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips."
His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a heart attack."

* Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining relative clauses.

Examples:

Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.

Question Mark

The question mark is used at the end of a question.

Examples:

Where do you live?
How long have they been studying?

Exclamation Point

The exclamation point is used at the end of a sentence to indicate great surprise. It is also used for emphasis when making a point. Be careful not to use an exclamation point too often.

Examples:

That ride was fantastic!
I can't believe he is going to marry her!

Semicolon

There are two uses for a semicolon:

* To separate two independent clauses. One or both of the clauses are short and the ideas expressed are usually very similar.

Examples:

He loves studying; He can't get enough of school.
What an incredible situation; it must make you nervous.

* To separate groups of words that are themselves separated by commas.

Examples:

I took a holiday and played golf, which I love; read a lot, which I needed to do; and slept late; which I hadn't done for quite a while.
They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work; and literature, for their own enjoyment.

Colon

A colon can be used for two purposes:

* To provide additional details and explanation.

Examples:

He had many reasons for joining the club: to get in shape, to make new friends, to lose some weight, and to get out of the house.
She gave notice for the following reasons: bad pay, horrible hours, poor relations with colleagues, and her boss.

* To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this situation).

Examples:

He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
She cried out: "I never want to see you again!"

Mr.SaW · 27-08-07, 16:09

CONDITIONALS

The conditionals are used to talk about possible or imaginary situations.

Present Conditionals

Present Real Conditional

FORM
[If / When ... SIMPLE PRESENT..., ... SIMPLE PRESENT ...]
or
[... SIMPLE PRESENT ... if / when ... SIMPLE PRESENT...]

USE
The Present Real Conditional is used to talk about what you normally do in real-life situations.

EXAMPLES:

If I go to a friend's house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.

When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.

If the weather is nice, she walks to work.

Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.

I read if there is nothing on TV.

What do you do when it rains?
I stay at home.

Where do you stay if you go to Sydney?
I stay with my friends near the harbor.

IMPORTANT If / When
Both "if" and "when" are used in the Present Real Conditional. Using "if" suggests that something happens less frequently. Using "when" suggests that something happens regularly.

EXAMPLES:

When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
(I regularly have days off from work.)

If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
(I rarely have days off from work.)

Present Unreal Conditional

FORM
[If ... SIMPLE PAST ..., ... would + VERB ...]
or
[... would + VERB ... if ... SIMPLE PAST ...]

USE
The Present Unreal Conditional is used to talk about what you would do in imaginary situations in general.

EXAMPLES:

If I had a car, I would drive to work. But I don't have a car.

She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money.

I would read more if I didn't have a TV.

Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.

If they worked harder, they would earn more money.

What would you do if you won the lottery?
I would travel.

Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?
I would live in Seattle.

EXCEPTION If I were ...
In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used.

EXAMPLES:

If he were French, he would live in Paris.

If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.

I would play basketball if I were taller.

I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.

I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. NOT CORRECT (But often said in conversation.)

EXCEPTION Conditional with Modal Verbs
There are some special Conditional forms for modal verbs in English:

would + can = could
would + shall = should
would + may = might

The words "can," "shall" and "may" must be used in these special forms; they cannot be used with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. NOT CORRECT
If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. CORRECT

If she had time, she would may go to the party. NOT CORRECT
If she had time, she might go to the party. CORRECT

The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. NOT CORRECT
If I had more time, I could exercise after work. CORRECT

If he invited you, you really would should go. NOT CORRECT
If he invited you, you really should go. CORRECT

IMPORTANT Only use "If"
Only the word "if" is used with the Present Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used.

EXAMPLES:

I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. NOT CORRECT
I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. CORRECT

27-08-07, 16:07	#1 (permalink)
Mr.SaW Ölüm Artık Daha Yakın... Giriş Tarihi: 22-08-2007 Yer: mi Tek Kurşunda ? Yaş: 17 Mesajlar: 4,019 Blog Mesajları: 6 Rep Puanı: 46480889 Rep Gücü: 464864	İngilizce Dil Bilgisi How to Use Adjectives An adjective describes how something 'is'. For this reason, we usually use the verb 'to be' when using adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe nouns. Example: He is a good doctor. Rule: Adjectives describe nouns. The adjective is always invariable. Example: beautiful trees, they are happy Be careful! * Adjectives don't have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, femine and neuter form. * Adjectives are always the same! Never add a final -s to an adjective. * Adjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence if they describe the subject of a sentence. Example: My doctor is excellent. NOT!!: difficults books Rule: Adjectives are placed before the noun. Example: a wonderful book very interesting people Be careful! * Don't place an adjective after the noun NOT!!: an apple red Adjective Placement When using more than one adjective to describe a noun place the adjectives in the following order before the noun. NOTE: We usually use no more than three adjectives preceding a noun. 1. Opinion Example: an interesting book, a boring lecture 2. Dimension Example: a big apple, a thin wallet 3. Age Example: a new car, a modern building, an ancient ruin 4. Shape Example: a square box, an oval mask, a round ball 5. Color Example: a pink hat, a blue book, a black coat 6. Origin Example: some Italian shoes, a Canadian town, an American car 7. Material Example: a wooden box, a woolen sweater, a plastic toy Here are some examples of nouns modified with three adjectives in the correct order based on the list above. Notice that the adjectives are not separated by commas. * A wonderful old Italian clock. (opinion - age - origin) * A big square blue box. (dimension - shape - color) * A disgusting pink plastic ornament. (opinion - color - material) * Some slim new French trousers. (dimension - age - origin)

27-08-07, 16:07	#2 (permalink)
Mr.SaW Ölüm Artık Daha Yakın... Giriş Tarihi: 22-08-2007 Yer: mi Tek Kurşunda ? Yaş: 17 Mesajlar: 4,019 Blog Mesajları: 6 Rep Puanı: 46480889 Rep Gücü: 464864	C: İngilizce Dil Bilgisi Using Adverbs Adverbs modify verbs. They tell you How something is done. Example: How does he she sing? - She sings beautifully. Rule: Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective Example: beautiful - beautifully, careful - carefully Be Careful! * Some adjectives don't change in the adverb form. The most important of these are: fast - fast, hard - hard * Good is probably the most important exception. The adverb form of 'good' is 'well'. Unfortunately, this is a common mistake that many Americans make! NOT!!: He plays tennis good. Rule: Adverbs can also modify an adjective. In this case, the adverb is placed before the adjective. Example: She is extremely happy. They are absolutely sure. Be Careful! * Do not use 'very' with adjectives that express an increased quality of a basic adjective Example: good - fantastic NOT!!: She is a very beautiful woman. Rule: Adverbs of frequency (always, never, sometimes, often, etc.) usually come before the main verb Example: He is often late for class. Do you always eat in a restaurant? They don't usually travel on Fridays. Be Careful! * Adverbs of frequency expressing infrequency are not usually used in the negative or question form. NOT!!: Does she rarely eat fish? They don't seldom go to the cinema. * Adverbs of frequency are often placed at the beginning of a sentence. Example: Sometimes, he likes to go to museums. * Adverbs of frequency follow - come after - the verb 'to be'. Example: He is sometimes late for work. __________________ Adverbs are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb: [1] Mary sings beautifully [2] David is extremely clever [3] This car goes incredibly fast In [1], the adverb beautifully tells us how Mary sings. In [2], extremely tells us the degree to which David is clever. Finally, in [3], the adverb incredibly tells us how fast the car goes. Before discussing the meaning of adverbs, however, we will identify some of their formal characteristics. Formal Characteristics of Adverbs From the examples above, you can see that many adverbs end in -ly. More precisely, they are formed by adding -ly to an adjective: Adjective slow quick soft sudden gradual Adverb slowly quickly softly suddenly gradually Because of their distinctive endings, these adverbs are known as -LY ADVERBS. However, by no means all adverbs end in -ly. Note also that some adjectives also end in -ly, including costly, deadly, friendly, kindly, likely, lively, manly, and timely. Like adjectives, many adverbs are GRADABLE, that is, we can modify them using very or extremely: softly========very softly suddenly======very suddenly slowly========extremely slowly The modifying words very and extremely are themselves adverbs. They are called DEGREE ADVERBS because they specify the degree to which an adjective or another adverb applies. Degree adverbs include almost, barely, entirely, highly, quite, slightly, totally, and utterly. Degree adverbs are not gradable (*extremely very). Like adjectives, too, some adverbs can take COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE forms, with -er and -est: John works hard -- Mary works harder -- I work hardest However, the majority of adverbs do not take these endings. Instead, they form the comparative using more and the superlative using most:

27-08-07, 16:08	#3 (permalink)
Mr.SaW Ölüm Artık Daha Yakın... Giriş Tarihi: 22-08-2007 Yer: mi Tek Kurşunda ? Yaş: 17 Mesajlar: 4,019 Blog Mesajları: 6 Rep Puanı: 46480889 Rep Gücü: 464864	C: İngilizce Dil Bilgisi Know your Auxiliary Verbs! Auxiliary verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of a sentence. Here are a few examples of auxiliary verbs: Tom has lived in Boston for twenty years. They didn't come to the party last night. I was cooking dinner when you telephoned. What are you doing tomorrow afternoon? Knowing correct auxiliary verb usage is key to tense usage. Every tense takes an auxiliary form of the verb. There are three exceptions to this rule: 1. Simple present positive: She works at a bank. 2. Simple past positive: He bought a new TV last week. 3. Positive imperative statements: Hurry up! There are also a number of short forms that take ONLY the auxiliary form of the verb: * Yes / No answer short forms: Do you live in England? - No, I don't. Has she been to Paris? - Yes, she has. * Question tags: They enjoy learning English, don't they? He won't agree with me, will he? * Positive agreement / inclusion: I went to the beach last weekend. * - So did I. I'm working very hard at the moment. - So is she. * Negative agreement / inclusion: They haven't worked here long. - Neither have I. We won't be able to come next week. - Neither will I. Here is a quick overview of auxiliary verb usage: DO / DOES Used simple present question and negative forms: What time does he get up? They don't drive to work. They take the bus. DID Used in simple past question and negative forms: When did they arrive yesterday? He didn't finish his homework last week. IS / ARE / AM Used in present continuous and for the future with 'going to': They are working hard at the moment. She is going to study medicine at university. WAS / WERE Past continuous: I was watching TV when you arrived. What were they doing while you were cooking dinner? HAVE / HAS Present perfect and present perfect continuous: How long have you lived here? I've been working since seven this morning. HAD Past perfect and past perfect continuous: He had eaten by the time I arrived. She had been studying for two hours when he finally telephoned. WILL / WON'T Future with 'will': What will the weather be like tomorrow? He won't understand.

27-08-07, 16:08	#4 (permalink)
Mr.SaW Ölüm Artık Daha Yakın... Giriş Tarihi: 22-08-2007 Yer: mi Tek Kurşunda ? Yaş: 17 Mesajlar: 4,019 Blog Mesajları: 6 Rep Puanı: 46480889 Rep Gücü: 464864	C: İngilizce Dil Bilgisi Basic English Punctuation Rules This guide provides instruction on the basic rules of using a period, comma, colon, semicolon, question mark and exclamation point. Each type of punctuation is followed by an explanation and example sentences for reference purposes. Period Use a period to end a complete sentence. A sentence is a group of words containing a subject and predicate. In British English a period is called a 'full stop'. Examples: He went to Detroit last week. They are going to visit. Comma There are a number of different uses for a common in English. Commas are used to: * Separate a list of items. This is one of the most common uses of a comma. Notice that a comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes before the final element of a list. Examples: I like reading, listening to music, taking long walks, and visiting with my friends. They would like books, magazines, DVDs, video cassettes, and other learning materials for their library. * Separate phrases (clauses). * This is especially true after a beginning dependent clause or a long prepositional phrase. Examples: In order to qualify for your certificate, you will need to take the TOEFL exam. Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course. * Separate two independent clauses that are connected by a conjunction such as 'but'. Examples: They wanted to purchase a new car, but their financial situation would not allow it. I'd really enjoy seeing a film this evening, and I'd like to go out for a drink. * Introduce a direct quote (as opposed to indirect speech i.e. He said he wanted to come ...). Examples: The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips." His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a heart attack." * Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining relative clauses. Examples: Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle. My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape. Question Mark The question mark is used at the end of a question. Examples: Where do you live? How long have they been studying? Exclamation Point The exclamation point is used at the end of a sentence to indicate great surprise. It is also used for emphasis when making a point. Be careful not to use an exclamation point too often. Examples: That ride was fantastic! I can't believe he is going to marry her! Semicolon There are two uses for a semicolon: * To separate two independent clauses. One or both of the clauses are short and the ideas expressed are usually very similar. Examples: He loves studying; He can't get enough of school. What an incredible situation; it must make you nervous. * To separate groups of words that are themselves separated by commas. Examples: I took a holiday and played golf, which I love; read a lot, which I needed to do; and slept late; which I hadn't done for quite a while. They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work; and literature, for their own enjoyment. Colon A colon can be used for two purposes: * To provide additional details and explanation. Examples: He had many reasons for joining the club: to get in shape, to make new friends, to lose some weight, and to get out of the house. She gave notice for the following reasons: bad pay, horrible hours, poor relations with colleagues, and her boss. * To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this situation). Examples: He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!" She cried out: "I never want to see you again!"

27-08-07, 16:09	#5 (permalink)
Mr.SaW Ölüm Artık Daha Yakın... Giriş Tarihi: 22-08-2007 Yer: mi Tek Kurşunda ? Yaş: 17 Mesajlar: 4,019 Blog Mesajları: 6 Rep Puanı: 46480889 Rep Gücü: 464864	C: İngilizce Dil Bilgisi CONDITIONALS The conditionals are used to talk about possible or imaginary situations. Present Conditionals Present Real Conditional FORM [If / When ... SIMPLE PRESENT..., ... SIMPLE PRESENT ...] or [... SIMPLE PRESENT ... if / when ... SIMPLE PRESENT...] USE The Present Real Conditional is used to talk about what you normally do in real-life situations. EXAMPLES: If I go to a friend's house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers. When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach. If the weather is nice, she walks to work. Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time. I read if there is nothing on TV. What do you do when it rains? I stay at home. Where do you stay if you go to Sydney? I stay with my friends near the harbor. IMPORTANT If / When Both "if" and "when" are used in the Present Real Conditional. Using "if" suggests that something happens less frequently. Using "when" suggests that something happens regularly. EXAMPLES: When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach. (I regularly have days off from work.) If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach. (I rarely have days off from work.) Present Unreal Conditional FORM [If ... SIMPLE PAST ..., ... would + VERB ...] or [... would + VERB ... if ... SIMPLE PAST ...] USE The Present Unreal Conditional is used to talk about what you would do in imaginary situations in general. EXAMPLES: If I had a car, I would drive to work. But I don't have a car. She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money. I would read more if I didn't have a TV. Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese. If they worked harder, they would earn more money. What would you do if you won the lottery? I would travel. Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.? I would live in Seattle. EXCEPTION If I were ... In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used. EXAMPLES: If he were French, he would live in Paris. If she were rich, she would buy a yacht. I would play basketball if I were taller. I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. NOT CORRECT (But often said in conversation.) EXCEPTION Conditional with Modal Verbs There are some special Conditional forms for modal verbs in English: would + can = could would + shall = should would + may = might The words "can," "shall" and "may" must be used in these special forms; they cannot be used with "would." EXAMPLES: If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. NOT CORRECT If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. CORRECT If she had time, she would may go to the party. NOT CORRECT If she had time, she might go to the party. CORRECT The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would." EXAMPLES: If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. NOT CORRECT If I had more time, I could exercise after work. CORRECT If he invited you, you really would should go. NOT CORRECT If he invited you, you really should go. CORRECT IMPORTANT Only use "If" Only the word "if" is used with the Present Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used. EXAMPLES: I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. NOT CORRECT I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. CORRECT

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